Mind mapping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mind mapping - Research Paper Example Likewise, power providers such as the one displayed in Monster’s Inc. do not necessarily have to concern themselves with competition due to the fact that their competition does not spring up overnight because the entry cost into the market is so incredibly high. As was the case with McDonalds, consumer tastes, the price of food, the performance of the economy, the time of year, and the time of month have massive impacts on overall total sales levels. For this reason, firms like McDonalds are much more beholden to the swings of the external environment than say a power provider. However, at the end of the day, both companies must be mindful of the external environment because to ignore it is to ignore the future viability of the firm. Within Monsters Inc, the viewer is presented with secretaries and administrative staff, the CEO, HR and quality control, machinery technicians, janitorial staff, primary agents (the Scarers), and security and disaster remediation staff. Whereas at a regional McDonald’s location you do not see the stratified corporate footprint as was exhibited in Monster’s Inc.; instead, you see the cooks (technicians), the drive through staff (sales and customer service), cashiers (finance), and shift supervisor (management) (Bacon, 2011). Within Monsters Inc, you are aware of a training department, a quality assurance department, an HR department, a CEO, and a security team. Likewise, when working at McDonalds, the corporate footprint was less stratified. Because of the fact that I was working in the franchise operation, I was not necessarily aware of the larger operations taking place outside my field of view with reference to McDonalds as a corporate entity. Sadly, the environment within McDonald’s was an abysmally miserable one from my personal experience. It was so bad in fact that I chose not to continue my employment with the company longer than the

Critique of an article using the Scientific Method Essay Example for Free

Critique of an article using the Scientific Method Essay The paper Politics and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean is a research paper authored by Evelyne Huber, Francois Nielsen, Jenny Pribble, and John D. Stephens. This paper is a time series analysis of the impact that politics and policy bring about on inequality in the scope of Latin America and the Caribbean. This research is based on various models consisting of sociological and economic variables, plus the strength of the democratic tradition, as well as the distribution of long-term legislative partisan political power and the social spending to explain inequality variations. As a study that aims to analyze social factors and its effect on the inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean, this research was able to conform to the Scientific Method, despite some instances where there are some unsupported arguments. Basing on the Scientific Method of research, we’ll first know what these researchers wanted to find out. What do these people want to learn about? The researchers’ primary concern was to determine what factors are contributing to the inequality levels in Latin America and the Caribbean. Their initial expectations were political variables such as partisan legislative power, strength of democratic tradition, and the nature of social expenditures were the ones initially determining these inequality levels. Another assumption regarding this matter is that these variables have weights different from the ones in advanced modern/industrial societies. One of their basis for this assumption is that most advanced industrial countries have uninterrupted records of democracy as compared to that of Latin America. These countries were able to establish welfare states that redistribute the income. They’re basing their assumption on previous records like the overall size of welfare states and the structure of taxation expenditures. Closely looking at this matter, we can say that what these researchers wanted to find out was somehow in line with the use of scientific method. They came up with an inquiry which is based on previous data. They also gave their hypothesis as to what they expect about their assumption. In relation to this, their assumptions were given as an answer to their inquiry, and that will be the basis of how they’ll go about with this research. They came up with a set of data gathered from previous information from other studies and published articles. One of the bases that they used was studies which utilized multiple regression analyses of inequality in developing countries. They used this information as a pattern or guide in conducting their own study. One study made by Morley is about the determinants of differences in inequality of income distribution among countries in Latin America. Here, he combined multiple regression analysis with case studies of nine countries. Because of this, he came up with variables which play an important role in his research. These variables include national income, inflation, education, economic reform indices and land distribution. These variables are essential because it can also be used for other researches like this one. Basing on the scientific method, we can say that it this research made full use of the information from previous studies. They were able to gather essential information which they could use in proving their assumptions for this study. However, they may have overused the information and relied on it too much. There is a great resemblance of their research with that of Morley’s, that’s why it ma have resulted to something similar. The point is, they could have altered several aspects in other researches and not just utilized everything from that one into their own. If they are expecting to find something new, then their research should be something new also. Other researches are there for additional information and guide, that’s why they shouldn’t dwell on it always. The researchers came up with different hypotheses on democracy, political parties, social spending, economic development, inflation, demography, ethnic composition, education, foreign direct investment, the informal sector, and land distribution. They were able to give arguments and related studies as to how these factors were able to affect the inequality in Latin America. However, the way they presented these factors and how they reasoned out regarding its effect on the state of inequality in the area is questionable. The scientific method should be based on facts and concrete evidences. Surely, they were able to provide related literature for most of the factors, but in some, they also tried injecting their own opinion without giving any basis for saying that. The scientific method relies on how you will be able to back up your statements by using previous studies or materials from previous researches. If you are to say something without backing it up with concrete evidence, then the information you are relaying is questionable. The research posed a lot of information regarding these factors. But not all of the information that they gave were verifiable by evidence, so the credibility of their statements are somewhat questionable, thus making their research somewhat weaker. The next step of the scientific method involves gathering and organizing data for the research. Here, we see that the researches devoted enough time and effort to come up with sufficient data. Their main sources of information were secondary data from various country’s statistics, and how it was related to that country’s social and economic situation. They utilized various analytical methods in interpreting this data, sorting it in manner where one could clearly see how it affected the inequality for the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. In this part, they were able to stick to the scientific method of conducting a study wherein they properly gathered and sorted the data to be analyzed. As a result, they were able to come up with the necessary information which was interpreted. The results are there in order to verify and support the hypothetical claims that they made earlier on the study. This could either prove or disprove their assumptions. The next part of the scientific method is the discussion of the results before actually concluding the research. The results showed that the assumptions regarding the outcome of the study were strongly supported, wherein politics is really important in shaping the inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean countries. The democratic records were one of the strongest evidence for this, along with the cumulative record of the strength of left-of-center parties in the legislature, as well as the interaction of social security spending and democracy. It has left us with the conclusion that democracy is very important for inequality. This could be quantified in two ways, which are: 1) it allows the leaders who are concerned with the welfare of the underprivileged to let them build organizations in the form of political parties, and 2) allow those parties to establish a support base, and to gain necessary influence in the legislature and be able to use that influence to shape various policies is the direction of redistribution. The conclusion can be well associated with the scientific method, as it summarized the results and mentioned the possible implications of the research. Another problem is whether the research can easily be repeated for the purpose of verification. With all the necessary factors at hand, reproduction of this research may be hard because the political state of a country can be changed, thus affecting the variables it has previously possessed.

The Doubles Motif in Flannery O’Connors The Violent Bear It Away :: Violent Bear It Away Essays

The Doubles Motif in Flannery O’Connor's The Violent Bear It Away   Ã‚   In The Violent Bear It Away, Flannery O’Connor makes use of the doubles motif.   The doubles motif occurs when one character looks at another character and sees or senses yet another character’s presence.   In this novel, Francis and Rayber not only serve as doubles for each other but also as a double for Mason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis makes Mason Tarwater’s presence felt by the way he talks and the fact that he, like Mason, never removes his cap.   After Francis is with Rayber a few days, Rayber feels Mason’s presence.   â€Å"Rayber had never, even when Old Tarwater had lived under his roof, been so conscious of the old man’s presence†Ã‚   (189).   Mason used baptism to gain control of Francis and to have him carry out his mission after his death.   â€Å"Using baptism to extend his boundaries of self like a wall around Young Tarwater,   Mason simultaneously performs an act of regeneration and murder to be repeated later when Francis baptizes/murders Bishop.   Francis then becomes Mason’s immortal self. Francis provides Mason with a sense of existing, but he can only tolerate the boy as a double, not as an independent human being† (Paulson 102).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mason clings to the idea of being a prophet and Francis â€Å"clings to the idea of being born in a wreck, with no father, an orphan, because this makes him unique, gaining epic proportions in order to transcend the anonymous crowd† (Paulson 106).   Francis denies the father the way that Mason and Rayber deny the mother.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rayber tries, as Mason does, to implant his ideas within Francis.   â€Å"Both Rayber and Mason direct the explosive force of their actions toward Francis, being lost themselves.   Their struggle to survive decimates their nephew† (Paulson 106).   Rayber condemned the violent act that Mason committed, taking Francis and Rayber both away from reality, but   Rayber committed the violent act of trying to drown his own son.   Rayber and Mason both use Francis and Bishop as a way to keep the loneliness away.   â€Å"O’Connor, though, draws a parallel between them by making both men evangelical zealots† (Paulson 102).   Rayber is skeptical of religion and Mason has a religious fervor.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rayber and Mason both try to teach Francis but they do not want to teach him the same things.   â€Å"It soon becomes clear that not only Rayber’s efforts at ‘reconstruction’ but also Mason’s muddied baptismal waters threaten the freedom of Francis, who weakly perceives the devil prophet within them both†Ã‚   (Paulman 103).

Stress affects teenagers

Stress affects adolescents about every twenty-four hours. Many feel stressed-out when they have a trial, occupation, or excessively many activities. It can even be caused from something every bit little as siting a roller coaster. Goals and challenges are the chief cause because they are thought to be difficult to finish. Stress is a well-known trigger for depression and can besides impact physical wellness. It is of import to place the causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life and seek to minimise them. Stress, no affair if it is little or large, occurs in adolescents ‘ lives today. Stress is the uncomfortable feeling of holding force per unit area and it can be caused from many events. The chief causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life semen from school, work, activities, friends, and household. There are two signifiers that it comes in. The first signifier is called acute emphasis, which lasts for a short period of clip. This can be caused from losing the coach, contending with a friend, or giving a address in school. Another sort of emphasis is chronic emphasis, which is long-run emphasis. Examples include repeated battle in school, illness/disability, or an unlogical fright ( highs, bugs, etc ) . Most adolescents begin with acute emphasis and so bit by bit experience overwhelmed, which develops into chronic emphasis. The causes of stress come with both internal and external effects. It depends on the individual, but the internal effects include anxiousness, crossness, and nervousness. External effects include take a breathing faster, sudating, musculuss straining, dry oral cavity, keener senses, and deficiency of energy, concerns, and illness. A stressed individual tends to hold problem paying attending and have problem remembering facts. A individual who is ambitious or a perfectionist additions emphasize more frequently. All of this can do a individual to acquire into battles and lose friends. There is a procedure in the organic structure that takes topographic point when emphasis occurs. First, a endocrine called epinephrine combines with epinephrine, which causes an â€Å" adrenaline haste † . The endocrines and chemicals cause the organic structure to increase blood force per unit area and bosom rate. These responses prepare the organic structure to cover with and retrieve from a physical onslaught. The organic structure besides suppresses the production of other chemicals to assist increase protective responses. If the encephalon ne'er puts its guard down, it develops chronic emphasis. The ability to kip is the first to travel. These effects occur if it ‘s existent of imagined ; it ‘s what we perceive. Suicide and depression can happen. Other serious effects are high blood force per unit area, reflux disease, asthma, ulcers, and megrims. Every twenty-four hours adolescents face state of affairss that can be nerve-racking, which can develop when the adolescent matures into an grownup. Finding schemes to avoid and command emphasis are good so that the individual can blend a happy life with work. To go stress-free, the individual has to alter their ideas, attitudes, feelings, communicating, response, and fortunes. Physically, adolescents must eat healthy, acquire adequate slumber ( around eight to nine hours ) , and exercising. Adolescents should retrieve to maintain thoughts into position and be optimistic. Surrounding themselves with good friends, a good degree of activities, and adequate clip to acquire school work done is indispensable.Each twenty-four hours emphasis builds up in a adolescent ‘s life, which can be negative as this carries into their maturity. Once the encephalon understands that danger is gone, all of the symptoms of emphasis are gone. Sadly, some do non recognize that the danger is gone, whic h can develop into serious jobs. Most adolescents suffer from emphasis and demand to larn how to pull off their emphasis in order to turn healthy in the ever-changing, nerve-racking universe. Exercise is a great manner to relieve emphasis. Exercise gives us the chance to acquire up and travel. Physical fittingness leads to greater assurance and self-denial ( Stephens, 1988 ) . Exercise besides lowers blood force per unit area while increasing our ability to cover with emphasis ( Ford, 2002 ) . Unfortunately, many of us bypass day-to-day exercising because we think we need to run five stat mis a twenty-four hours to do a difference. Not true. Even a 10 minute walk increases energy degrees and lowers tenseness ( Thayer, 1987, 1993 ) . There are many grounds why exercising can take to a decrease in emphasis: Exercise increases the end product of the mood-boosting chemicals your nervous system produces ( Jacobs, 1994 ) . Exercise enhances your cognitive abilities, such as memory, to some grade ( Etniers & A ; others, 1997 ) . Exercise lowers your blood force per unit area ( Perkins & A ; others, 1986 ) . Exercise has side effects, such as better slumber, that provide an emoti onal benefit. Regular exercising cuts bosom onslaught hazard in half ( Powell & A ; others, 1987 ) and increases length of service by every bit much as 2 old ages ( Paffenbarger & A ; others, 1986 ) . So after a busy agenda or a exhausting twenty-four hours on the occupation, why non travel acquire a motorcycle and running places? Your household, and friends, can surprisingly besides lead to better emphasis direction and header. A research survey done by Warr & A ; Payne in 1982 has concluded that a batch of things, one being that people who are accompanied by friends and/or household during difficult times expressed feelings of felicity while these events were taking topographic point. It should n't take a scientific survey to demo that environing yourself with supportive household, friends and colleagues can hold a positive consequence on your mental well-being, but there ‘s plentifulness of research to corroborate it. Because people are societal existences, societal support seems to move as a buffer against the effects of emphasis ( Rathus, 2007 ) . There are five definitions of societal support: emotional concern, instrument assistance, information, assessment, and socialising ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Research shows that the construct of societal support does in fact aid people cope with emphasis and in bend reduces the hazard of wellness jobs that could be the consequence of emphasis on the organic structure ( Rathus, 2007 ) . The more societal support you have, the less emphasis will hold an chance to impact you in a negative manner ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Another manner to acquire around emphasis is to seek and do some alterations in your agenda. Make certain you have a lunch period, and surely a free period to acquire some of your prep out of the manner. Try remaining in the library or even an empty schoolroom if you are allowed to after school. Sometimes you might hold better concentration if you work in a different topographic point. If you have tonss of big leagues, see dropping one. Travel down degrees in some of your categories or take easier 1s wholly. Take some of your nucleus categories during summer school to liberate up clip during the twelvemonth. Summer school categories are more set back and more merriment than you ‘d believe. Stress is inevitable, but unhealthy responses to it are non. When face with a stressor, such as a level tyre on your manner to school or work, how do you react? Is the level tyre a menace? â€Å"I ‘ll ne'er be able to repair this! This sucks! Or is it a challenge? â€Å"I can manage this. Let ‘s see, what are my options? Your assessment of the state of affairs is important. If you see the stressor as a menace, you ‘re more likely to panic and stop dead up, doing it more hard to work out your job. If, alternatively, you view the stressor as a challenge, your response will be focused, and you ‘re more likely to get the better of the obstruction ( Pinner, 2005 ) your perceptual experience of the stressor straight affects your emotional responses. The top jocks, the best instructors, and the most effectual leaders seem to boom when faced with what they perceive as a challenge. Optimism besides seems to offer some protection against the effects of emphasis. Compared with their pessimistic opposite numbers ( those with a negative attack to life ) , pupils identified as optimists have stronger immune systems and are less likely to go sick or fatigued during the last month of the semester ( Seligman, 1991 ) . Optimists besides recover more rapidly from bosom surgery than pessimists do, and, when stressed, they register lower blood force per unit area readings ( Segerstrom & A ; others, 1998 ) so, what I ‘m seeking to state here is that a good mentality on the state of affairs would more than likely mean that you would be coming through, unharmed, out of any quandary in your adolescent life. Stress is a cosmopolitan bodily and psychological procedure that we all experience. Stress is non bias to merely the schoolroom, or at place but with this information and the techniques and life styles I have included, you may happen yourself closer to psychological Utopia than of all time before on the occupation, or off.

Reasons For Choosing Corporate Human Resources

The grounds for taking Corporate HR – NCC are because NCC is the Norfolk local authorization where a broad scope of information and cognition is transmitted and managed every twenty-four hours. In add-on, Corporate HR is a squad that supports the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing NCC ‘s employees. Therefore, it is convenient to happen out how people interact and learn from each other. Furthermore, the fact that Corporate HR – NCC are willing assistants facilitated the execution of survey in this administration. The visit to NCC was carried out on Thursday, 4 March 2010.Scope of Study ( what will you analyze, what will you cover and non cover )Since NCC is a big administration with different sections responsible for a assortment of services, it is impossible to detect and cover all activities of it. As a effect, this study simply concentrates on the cognition direction patterns within one unit of NCC – Corporate HR. The c ountries of cognition direction in NCC studied in this paper are knowledge types, acquisition degrees, cognition making and sharing, and cognition storing.Methodology of Study ( how you studied it and why )Methodologies used in this survey are detecting how Corporate HR Team communicate and learn from each other in their workplace, questioning an HR officer of Placements – Ms. Sarah Holloway and utilizing secondary informations from NCC web site and the available literature on cognition direction. After analyzing all collected primary and secondary informations, findings and recommendations are presented.Literature ReviewDefinition of KnowledgeKnowledge has become a concern of doctrine since the ancient Greek. However, there remains a deficiency of consensus about the nature of cognition. Harmonizing to traditional epistemic Western philosophers, cognition was described as ‘justified true belief ‘ whose indispensable property is truthfulness ( Alexander et al. , 1 991 ; Nonaka & A ; Takeuchi, 1995, p.21 ) . However, this position appears to be obscure and headlong since things people believe to be true may non be true cognition. Furthermore, it is difficult to warrant cognition claims because no 1 can gauge accurately how much grounds is sufficient to vouch the truth of a cognition claim ( Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Another school of idea defined cognition by separating it from information, and informations. ‘Data is a set of distinct, nonsubjective facts about events ‘ ( Davenport & A ; Prusak, 2000 ) . Information is meaningful informations that have been processed and organised to accomplish a peculiar intent ( Davis & A ; Botkin, 1994 ; Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Knowledge, likewise, is an collection of organizational information and expertness ( Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) ; accordingly, it can be stored, manipulated and applied ( Zack, 1999 ) . Again, this apprehension could non comprehensively explicate the significance of ‘knowledge ‘ as cognition and information do non chiefly differ in the content, construction or truth but in the location. As stated by Alavi & A ; Leidner ( 2001, p.109 ) , ‘knowledge is information possessed in the head of persons: it is personalized information ‘ . Furthermore, cognition is broader and deeper than inform ation ; it is besides created due to the impacts of external stimulations. As a consequence, towards a clearer working definition of cognition, this paper agrees that: Knowledge is a unstable mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a model for measuring and integrating new experiences and information. It originates and is applied in the heads of apprehenders. In administrations it frequently becomes embedded non merely in paperss or depositories but besides in organizational modus operandis, procedures, patterns, and norms. ( Davenport & A ; Prusak, 2000, p.5 )Knowledge Types and Oganisational Knowledge CreationDifferent attacks result in assorted categorization of cognition. Harmonizing to Garud ( 1997 ) , there are three types of cognition, consisting of know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what refers to minimal apprehension of the facts such as cognition of targeted clients of a merchandise ( Neef et al. , 1998 ) . Such sort of cognition is generated by a procedure of ‘learning by utilizing ‘ , largely through interaction between manufacturers and users, Sellerss and clients. Know-how relates to accomplishments and accrued practical experience ; it is the consequence of ‘learning by making ‘ procedure and exists in persons, organizational modus operandis and fabrication patterns ( Garud, 1997 ) . Know-why, on the other manus, involves ‘scientific cognition of rules and Torahs of gesture in nature, in the human head, and in society ‘ ( Neef et al. , 1998, p.116 ) . It is deep cognition found in persons and acquired through ‘learning by analyzing ‘ . Polanyi ( 1967 ) and Nonaka & A ; Takeuchi ( 1995 ) , in contrast, argued that there are fundamentally two types of cognition: explicit and tacit. Explicit or codified cognition refers to knowledge that is easy to pass on, transportation and express in text signifier ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Tacit cognition, on the other manus, is embedded in human head through practical accomplishments and experiences, hence, is hard to be articulated. It is considered work-related know-how that is merely transferred among people through a long procedure of apprenticeship ( Polanyi, 1967 ) . Nonaka ( 1994, 1995 ) argued that cognition in an administration is created by persons through the interaction of tacit and expressed cognition in four transition procedures, get downing from socialization ( tacit/tacit ) , externalization ( tacit/explicit ) , combination ( explicit/explicit ) to internalization ( explicit/tacit ) . However, as argued by Gourlay ( 2006 ) , this position seemed to be flimsy since the categorization ignored the fact that cognition, in some instances, may non be wholly silent. In other words, whether there is such thing as silent cognition or merely cognition which is silent. Furthermore, the mechanism does non reflect how new ideals are created or how deepness of understanding develops. It is ill-defined why cognition transition has to get down with socialization instead than others ( Gourlay, 2006 ) and besides diffident whether silent cognition is wholly and accurately transmitted from a individual to another by merely observation, repeat and pattern s. Hence, it is said to be barely a representation of cognition creative activity.Degrees of LearningAs argued by Argyris & A ; Schon, there exist two degrees of acquisition in the administration: single-loop acquisition and double-loop acquisition. Single-loop acquisition is lower degree of larning which concentrates on problem-solving, chiefly detects and corrects mistake, and as a effect, consequences in incremental betterments. Double-loop acquisition is the higher degree one which emphasises on uninterrupted self-reflection and scrutiny of ways the administration defines and solves jobs ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Consequently, it frequently leads to transformative betterments which are critical to the success of the administration, particularly during times of rapid alteration.Knowledge CodificationKnowledge codification, as defined by Cowan & A ; Foray ( 1997 ) , is ‘the procedure of transition of cognition into messages which can so be processed as information ‘ . In the epoch of cognition economic system, as cognition residing in the human heads can greatly lend to the sustainability and development of administrations, the codification of cognition, viz. the transition of silent cognition to explicit cognition in a functional signifier, is truly indispensable.Knowledge ManagementKnowledge direction as presented by Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) is the transition of single tacit cognition into expressed cognition in order to be shared among people in the administration. It is the procedure of identifying, pull outing and capturing the cognition assets of the house so that they can be to the full exploited and protected as a beginning of competitory advantage. In order to better the productiveness of cognition direction, it is necessary for the administration to use information engineering to increase the single and group ability of cognition creative activity and storage every bit good as to beef up the linkages among persons and between g roups ( Alavi & A ; Leidner, 2001 ) .Knowledge Management in Corporate HR – NCCA Typical Day at Corporate HR – NCCCorporate HR are responsible for all kinds of HR issues, embracing HR scheme and Policy, Learning and Development, Health & A ; Safety and the Employee Services Centre. Their purpose is to back up the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing the people who work for NCC. A normal twenty-four hours at Corporate HR begins at around 8.00 am when people come to the office and look into all latest electronic mails they received. They answer the electronic mails and if there is any affair that they do non cognize, they email or ask their co-workers for information or their ain HR senior director for advice. Besides, they check assignments in their computing machines, answer the phones, talk to each other about work and how to cover with the undertakings. They besides complete their ain electronic flexitime sheet with the clip when they start working and go forthing. The employees here are encouraged to self pull off their working hours. However, they must non be absent from work during nucleus clip – between 10.00 am and 4.00 autopsy and must work for at least 37 hours a hebdomad. In add-on, HR staff have to go to the scheduled meetings with the whole Corporate HR squad or with people involved in their ain undertakings, or with the directors to info rm about the undertaking processs and advancement, other facets of work and show their feelings at work. During my visit, there was a meeting between HR officer, Corporate HR between Ms. Glenda Bennett – Corporate HR Manager, Ms. Jane Hanrahan – HR and Organisational Development Manager of Learning – Adult Social Services Department and Ms. Sarah Holloway, HR Officer of Placements about Apprenticeships at 10.00 am. After the meeting, Ms. Holloway came back and wrote carefully in her computing machine what she took note while other people continued working at their desk until 4.00 to 4.30 autopsy.Knowledge Types and cognition CreationAfter one-day detecting how employees work and interact with each other, I recognise that cognition transmitted in Corporate HR is the combination of both expressed and silent cognition. It is clearly illustrated when the HR staff and her senior director discussed how to reply a inquiry she received via electronic mail, when the staf f showed an learner how to utilize a photocopier and asked her to show utilizing the photocopier to her, and particularly through the meeting between Ms. Holloway and other two directors about Apprenticeships undertaking. In the meeting, the tacit cognition was externalised into expressed cognition when Ms. Hanrahan explained the content of the Apprenticeships undertaking to Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway. Then, the combination procedure occured when Ms. Hanrahan gave them a cusp incorporating some activities of Apprenticeships programme and when Ms. Holloway wrote down the information and apprehension about the undertaking in her notebook. After that, the explicit cognition once more was converted into silent cognition as Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway repeated some contents of the undertaking Ms. Hanrahan has merely said to guarantee they understood right and exhaustively. From the world of Corporate HR, it could be said that Nonaka ( 1994 ) was right when asseverating the duologue be tween tacit and expressed cognition is uninterrupted and dynamic. Nevertheless, in this instance, the cognition making procedure did non purely follow the theoretical account of Nonaka since cognition is produced from the externalization procedure non stiffly from the socialization. This, once more, has strengthened the aforesaid unfavorable judgment of Gourlay ( 2006 ) toward the theoretical account of Nonaka and Takeuchi. Besides silent and expressed, cognition in Corporate HR besides includes know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what and know-why are generated largely through different preparation classs designed by Corporate HR. For illustration, Corporate HR have cooperated with member co-workers such as UEA and City Colleges in Norwich to supply HR practicians with necessary HR formal makings – CPP ( Certificate in Personnel Practice – degree 3 ) and CIPD ( Postgraduate Certificate in Personnel and Development – degree 7 ) . Additionally, they have developed Learning Hub, a website offering e-courses such as informations protection and client services, and organised seminars and conferences sing some peculiar subjects to assist any NCC staff to better cognition at work. Know-how, conversely, is acquired through ‘learning by making ‘ . Namely, when an employee of a section has grudge and it can non be sorted out by his ain HR section, it will be passed to Corporat e HR to work out. After settling the grudge, HR staff will enter it as ‘a instance jurisprudence ‘ for them to work out similar jobs if go oning.Knowledge SharingPeoples in Corporate HR use legion ways to interact with each other and with other sections, from face-to-face treatments and meetings, electronic mail, telephone, facsimile to formal authorship. However, the most widely used manner is to portion knowledge electronically via PeopleNet. PeopleNet is an intranet site designed, updated and monitored on a regular basis to supply clear, concise HR information and cognition to all NCC staff. This site holds all HR related information from processs, policies to signifiers and often asked inquiries so that employees can happen the replies for their inquiries as a first point of contact. Furthermore, Corporate HR besides tailored an electronical newssheet called HR Matters. It is produced monthly and emailed to HR community to inform them about impending statute law, ass orted undertaking updates and messages from the Head of Human Resource & A ; Organisational Development. With other organisations and public, the squad chiefly interacts by utilizing electronic mail, telephone, meetings and presentation, seting information on the Press or Website ( extranet ) for enrolling or set uping work experience.Information and Knowledge StoringAll information and codified cognition of HR are stored in three systems – electronic filing system, paper filing system including papers booklets, books and transcripts, etc. and Outlook Calendar incorporating information of meetings, seminars and conferences. Storing information and cognition is really indispensable for any HR staff to recover if necessary and do it go their cognition indispensable at work.Knowledge LearningBased on the interview with Ms. Holloway, I found that most of larning activities in Corporate HR is merely single-loop acquisition. It is because Corporate HR is merely a unit within NCC. M ost of work and undertakings they handle are given by Senior Management in NCC or come from the authorities. Cardinal authorities develops enterprises and as a portion of local authorization, Corporate HR has duty to develop the enterprises that are relevant to them such as Apprenticeships. During the execution procedure of undertakings, if HR staff gain some arising jobs, they will speak to their directors about that. The directors can propose a solution or organize a squad meeting to discourse. Other members, so, will lend their sentiments and recommendations to work out the jobs or develop and hone thoughts of the undertaking. Furthermore, the acquisition activities, different from the theory of Agyris, are still ongoing even when there are no errors and no alterations made to the undertakings. As Ms. Holloway said, the employees continue lending their thoughts and sharing them to other squad members in order to better the quality of the undertakings even when the undertakings ar e in advancement. This reveals a spread in the theoretical account of Argyris and recommends that larning is a dynamic procedure and should be defined in footings of procedure itself.Summary and ConclusionDrumheadThis paper is about how Corporate HR – NCC pull off their cognition. The chief literature reappraisal chiefly refers to knowledge types, cognition creative activity, degrees of acquisition, cognition codification, and knowledge direction. The objects of observation and interview mostly concentrate on the nature of cognition shared, how cognition is created, managed and transmitted and the information system that supports it, how HR staff interact and learn from each other, and how they store information and cognition. Weaknesses in the organizational cognition creative activity theory of Nonaka and Takeuchi every bit good as in larning theoretical account of Argyris and Schon are pointed out and proved by the operations of Corporate HR.DecisionDue to the clip bound o n observation and interview, all aspects of cognition direction in Corporate HR – NCC could non be wholly discovered and discussed within the range of this paper. Given the fact that the NCC is a big administration with different sections, farther survey could concentrates on happening out more inside informations of cognition making and sharing procedure ; NCC ‘s norms, values, and modus operandis which are affected by the cognition direction as Davenport & A ; Prusak ( 1998 ) suggested about administration cognition ; every bit good as the larning procedure of the Corporate HR in peculiar and the NCC in general.

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Essay Example

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Essay Example Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Paper Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Paper Essay Topic: Jane Eyre Literature My favourite part in the book is chapter 23. In this chapter Mr Rochester proposes to Jane. I like it because it is probably the most descriptive and varying chapter in the book. A lot happens and the beginning is not explained, and the language that is used is most captivating. A lot of the loose ends in the previous chapters are tied up and things start to be explained. At this point in the book summer is at its fullest. Most of the story so far has been written in the winter but because the day is so beautiful it starts to set the scene as a pleasant one. It makes you feel happy and starts to set the atmosphere of the chapter to one with good endings and ideas. At the beginning Jane tries to avoid Rochester. She tries to avoid being watched by Mr Rochester. This builds up suspense and tension because you are not sure why she is hiding from Mr Rochester and makes you wonder what will happen if they do encounter each other. There are lots of reasons she could be hiding from Mr Rochester. It is obvious that she wants to be on her own to think and enjoy the garden. And this antique garden as attractive. She sees the garden as a place to react and a space in which to finally enjoy Thornfeild Hall. She describes the garden as Eden-like. In fact all through this chapter the idea of Eden is portrayed through out the chapter. The sweet smells, the feelings of content, and the ideas that they are joined under the rib. She was trying to avoid confrontation with Rochester because she was confused about her feelings for him and worried that if she did see him she would break into tears because of the sheer desperation on the fact she cannot have him. In fact when they do talk she does start to sob convulsively. She knows that he wishes to be married but does not want to leave him so she tries to avoid him in a desperate effort for a longer stay at Thornfeild. She does not want to talk about Miss Ingram again. Jane is subconsciously jealous of her. Miss Ingram is very pretty were as Jane is plain and obscure thing. She also does not want to have one of the manly talks Rochester tried to make her have. Previously in the book Jane has realised that she loves him and if he talks about Miss Ingram she might get hurt or embarrassed again. Before they approach the shrubbery she smell his cigar smoke clogging up the sweet perfume of the flowers. Which is strange because the smell of flowers are overwhelming. The smell of a cigar is bitter and horrid. Which could mean that things are not completely wonderful. She quickly flees. When she finds him following her she enters the shrubbery to stay hidden she believes he will not follow. This made me wonder why she was so scared of being found. Mr Rochester is always aware of her presence. He follows her round the garden. This is a very romantic idea which can make you idolise the idea that where ever she is Rochester can sense her. As she tries to slip away he very calmly and softly tells her to come and look at this fellow. Which is a quick divert and grab of attention. What he is telling her to look at is a moth. Moths can symbolise change into beauty, maybe Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is saying Jane will change in to something more beautiful. As he said those words he did not turn his head to look at her or give any indication that he had noticed her. She had made no noise and was surprised at his voice. Maybe he was also aware that she did not want to talk so he cornered her. This particular event captured my attention. When they start talking Mr Rochester starts it off by being mean and hurtful telling her that she has to leave since he is to be married to Miss Ingram. This makes the atmosphere very tense and makes you feel sorry for Jane because how ever plain she is you want her to get her shining prince. He tells her that she has to advertise for a new post somewhere else. He says she can stay in Ireland and gives her the most obviously made up name, Mrs OGall of Bitternutt Lodge the names suggest unpleasant things with Bitternutt and OGall. Mr Rochester then completely changes tact and says And your will shall be your destiny, I offer you my heart, my hand, and a share of all my possessions. He asks this about seven times. She at first disbelieves him she says that he loves Miss Ingram not her. She does not believe him because he had only a few seconds before had been excruciatingly mean to her. To believe him she has to see his face to see what it says. To see if he is in earnest when he asks the foreboding question. She believes that she knows him so well that she can tell he is lying by the way he looks. She asks that he turn to the moonlight. Later in the night a storm appears and splits the tree in which they where sitting under in two. I think this symbolises that something will come in between them. But when trees are thunder struck the base and roots are kept intact which I think means that even though they split up they will still love each other deep down. And stunted trees can grow again so they may get back together.

buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay

buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay The study is generally a study on what the people in Scotland think about the issue of the introduction of a new graduate tax to assist in student fees. It is currently free for a Scottish national to go to university and all the costs are provided for by the taxpayer. This tax would indeed increase an extra 3% tax for all the graduate in addition to the regular income tax. Therefore the overall outcome of the survey is actually to find out whether people oppose the new tax system or support it. There are also various components from the population that are of interest as far as the support or disapproval of the new tax regulation is concerned. These would include the gender, employment status, previous knowledge of the new tax regulation, speed at which the regulation should be implemented and the feeling of whether the new regulation would allow more students to join university. Others are the benefits of the new tax regulation and lastly the general feeling towards the proposed system in regard to its impact in college funding. From the data we will be able to establish the proportion of males and females that support or oppose the new tax regulation. The most convenient way to have a feel of the varying opinins is through the use of pie charts which will clearly elucidate the difference in opinions on various issues as pertains to the introduction of this new tax regulation. From the excel sheet, figure (1a), we can clearly see that 40% of those interviewed are opposed to the introduction of this new tax. If the sample is representative of the population then it would imply that 40% of the entire population is opposed to this new requirement. We can also see that the trend being uniform in terms of gender which is also 40% on either gender. From table (1), the proportions of those who support the new tax regulations has been analyzed using variations in job status. Those that support the new regulation are the self employed and those employed full-time, both at 66%. Not surprising because they probably dont have many limitations in terms of finance. On the contrary, those that are unemployed together with those who are working part-time have very little support for the new tax regulation, both at a paltry 28%. Financial constraints could be used to explain this characteristic as it would be an extra burden for them. It is worth noting that no student was profiled in the survey as they are currently not eligible to pay taxes. From table(2), we can see that comparing the young and old people, most of the young people are very much opposed to the idea of more tax being levied on them . they feel that they are the ones to bear the full brunt of this new regulation hence only about 29% of the people under the age of 30 years support this new regulation. On the contrary and not surprising at all is that all the people above 30years supported this new regulation. The more older members of the society certainly know the importance of college education and are therefore very supportive of this. Lastly from the bar graph attached, it indicates that most people do not want the new regulations to be introduces. A large percentage also would want the tax regulation introduced after five years. This is to show that there is consensus in terms of people opposed to the introduction of the new regulations. From the survey it is apparent that although many do not wish for the introduction of the new regulations, they are however supportive of the idea that it would be beneficial to the country. Therefore 35% of people think it would benefit the country which is the same proportion of those interviewed who feel that it would not benefit the country. Buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay

How You Can Make Money Teaching Online

How You Can Make Money Teaching Online You dont need to be a college professor to make money teaching online. Many sites now offer professionals and hobbyists the chance to create and sell online classes on topics from programming to healthy living. Heres how: Choose a Topic Youre Passionate About Make sure that you choose a topic you know and that you are interested in sharing with others. Your passion (or lack thereof) will come through in your writing and multimedia and make a big difference to potential students. Although you should know enough about the subject to teach it, you dont need to be an expert or have major credentials. A big name may help you sell, but most students are simply looking for quality content. Choose a Topic That Can Be Monetized If your goal is to make money, consider your topic carefully. Is it broad enough that a lot of people are interested in it? Is it specific enough that there arent already lots of courses or free online articles, videos, etc. that give away the information your course would provide? Courses on tech topics (programming, computer science) and business topics (creating a business plan, social media marketing, etc.) seem to do well. Courses on humanities (how to read poetry, the history of the Civil War, etc.) and lifestyle (nutrition, fashion, etc.) dont seem to attract as many paying students. However, a good teacher and good marketing can make most subjects successful. Find a Teaching Platform that Works for You You could create a course on your own domain and market to attract your own students. However, a growing number of websites offer hosting, design, promotion, and other services target towards online teachers. In most cases, these websites take a portion of the student tuition rather than charging online teachers anything upfront. One of the most popular services, ​Udemy, hosts courses that are heavy in video content and has instructors that make over $90,000 a year. Create Your Content Once youve decided on an idea, its time to create your lessons. The type of content you create will depend on your topic, your teaching style, and the platform youve chosen. You may create written lessons, shoot videos, record screencasts, or even create interactive tutorials. Most students dont expect course content to be highly produced. However, they do expect some professionalism and editing. Many of the tools you may need for media creation can be found for free online or as pre-installed software on your computer. Software with greater functionality generally isnt too expensive, particularly if you qualify for a teacher or student discount due to your work at a traditional school. For video creation, PC users can download Windows Movie Maker at no cost while Mac users can create with iMovie. For screencasting, Jing is a functional and free download or Camtasia is available to purchase with additional features. Simple programs like PowerPoint can also be used to create slideshow s or enhanced podcasts. Â   Promote, Promote, Promote The way you promote is just as important as the way that you create your course. Even if you use a teaching platform like Udemy, you will need to do some self-promotion to make sure that your online course reaches its audience. Social media including Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn can help you build a following. You may use an outside blog or website to share your message. Regular newsletters sent to a growing number of subscribers can also help. If you have even a small advertising budget, you may find it useful to buy ad space through Google Adwords so that potential students can find your course when searching for related terms.

Drilling oil in the usa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Drilling oil in the usa - Essay Example According to the plan, oil will be drilled in the Atlantic coast, Alaska’s northern coast and Mexico’s eastern Gulf. This can only be achieved as long as the coastlines remain protected. Initially, oil drilling had been banned because of the environmental concerns. Oil spills imposed severe threats to the health and safety of the natural environment. Oil drilling in Pacific Coast, New Jersey northward and Bristol Bay of Alaska is still prohibited (Shannon). Through this plan, President Barack Obama intends to make US self sufficient for fulfilling its energy needs. However, there is dire need to formulate and implement energy policies that would ensure environmental protection and safety. Although the plans of President Obama aim at strengthening the economy of US in the long run, yet they are a big source of threat to the ever worsening environmental conditions. Until 1970, US had been producing enough oil to suffice its own needs. However, ever since 1970, US’s oil needs grew manifolds, and hence, the oil had to be imported. Oil production in US faced a sharp downfall after the collapse of oil prices in 1986. In 2000, the production of oil declined by 24 per cent as compared to its production rate in 1985 (Churchill). In 2000, the proportion of oil produced in US out of the total world’s production was no more than 12 per cent. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) had recorded that till 1 January 2000, the number of oil reserves in US were 21 billion barrels (Churchill). Oil reserves have been decreasing in number in US ever since, and the current plan is likely to cause more harm to the environment than good to the society because the oil reserves will soon vanish any way, but the harms caused to the environment in the course of their exploration would sustain for a long period of time, perhaps till the end of the world. There has been considerable protest against this policy. President Barack Obama had been watchful of the possible emergence of protests against the plan by the environmental agencies. He said these words in a speech explaining his consent on the security of energy, But the bottom line is this: given our energy needs, in order to sustain economic growth, produce jobs, and keep our businesses competitive, we're going to need to harness traditional sources of fuel even as we ramp up production of new sources of renewable, homegrown energy. (Obama cited in Shannon). This plan made by Presient Barack Obama has conventionally received a lot of criticism. There is no doubt in the fact that upon its implementation, the plan would impose serious environmental threats in US. In his speech, President Barack Obama does approve of the idea of looking for new and renewable sources of energy, but intends to change the oil attainment strategy meanwhile. Considering the extensively damaged environment, there is dire need to immediately discover and implement alternative sources of energy. As research is being done to find new ways, US should abstain from drilling oil and continue importing oil because the ultimate solution lies not in the use of oil, but in the use of alternative sources of energy. â€Å"The only real way to quit relying on foreign oil is to wean ourselves from oil" altogether† (David cited in The Week). Global warming is already a leading issue of the contemporary age. We can not afford to

Research Paper on Stem Cell Research Legislation and the Related Legal

On Stem Cell Legislation and the Related Legal Issues - Research Paper Example Embryo research in the United States has for long been linked with abortion as the Congress believed that promoting such research will encourage women to undergo abortions (Wertz, 2002). The human embryonic stem cells are the master cells of the body which have the potential to develop into any cell of the human body. These cells were first isolated in the year 1998 by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, under the guidance of Dr. Thomson, from the inner cell mass of the human embryo. Ever since researchers have focused on the ability of these stem cells to treat dysfunctional tissues by generation of new cells. With these cells scientists believe that several diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Diabetes, Multiple sclerosis and other nervous and metabolic conditions can be treated. This work by Dr. Thomson and his colleagues was not funded by the federal government’s primary sponsor for biomedical research, National Institute of Health (NIH) as the Congress had placed a ban on NIH- funded research on human embryo in the year 1995 and until 2001 there was no public funding for human embryo research. The ban prevented both the creation and the destruction of human embryos for research purposes. However, considering the potential of the discovery in 1998, the NIH appealed to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) about the funding for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. In 1999, the HHS concluded that public funding could be allowed for hESC research provided the derivation of these cells was carried out with private funds (Duffy, 2002). The moral and ethical issues associated with hESC research are related to the beginning of life following fertilization. While the people opposing the research believe that human life begins immediately after fertilization and not ant any specific stage of development and that the use of the human embryo is against the moral code (AAAS Policy Research, 2010). This also applies t o the thousands of unused embryos in fertility clinics which are likely to be discarded. It is considered to possess an intrinsic value irrespective of whether it gives rise to a baby or not (Wertz, 2002). Those favoring the research have argued that only those embryos which implant in the uterus can be considered to be capable of giving rise to a human being. Using embryos which fail to implant or the excess embryos which are created in fertility clinics and left unused for research purposes would be morally fair rather than discarding them (AAAS Policy Research, 2010). The cultural factors that differentiate the views on embryo research between the United States and European nations includes: the government is answerable to the majority religiously fervent population as nearly 40% of the population attend church services, the politically active anti-abortion laws in the US and the inability to control the free enterprise of embryo research companies who are left to pursue their ow n goals (Wertz, 2002). The NIH draft guidelines released in 1999, during the Clinton presidency, allowed research on hESC from unused or leftover embryos in fertility clinics and those which were donated with the consent of the donor. The guidelines, which came into effect in 2000, faced

Longing for Freedom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Longing for Freedom - Coursework Example Once in the small and the forgotten places he finds on the map (the book is named for the blue highways that are the small state and county roads on his map) it may be an out of the way diner or caf, a little college community, even a monastery, he retells histories and tales that make these places significant in their own way. He found out much that was new and strange to him: one thing that struck him and made him think was repeatedly finding one shoe as he made his way across the country. Where was the other shoe Why would someone throw one shoe out the car window What good was the other one, alone He finally concluded, without much conviction, that all those solitary shoes were the result of people dangling their feet out the window, with one shoe accidentally flying off and out onto the roadside. "On the old highway maps of America, the main routes were red and the back roads blue. Now even the colors are changing. But in those brevities just before dawn and a little after dusk - times neither day nor night - the old roads return to the sky some of its color. Then, in truth, they carry a mysterious cast of blue, and it's that time when the pull of the blue highways is strongest ..." Blue Highways is more than just an autobiographical road novel - it contains innumerable aspects of the 'American road culture', ranging from ethnical problems and the undeniable importance of diners to the true significance of road literature. In other words, W. Least Heat Moon somehow assists in determining the myth of the road and he invites the reader to join him on a more abstract kind of road, namely that from the past to the present. Having Native American ancestors himself, Least Heat Moon also lays enormous emphasis on the aspect of race and ethnicity on the road. Why do people leave home to go on such an extended road trip What is the myth of the road that fascinates so many And above all, what do such road protagonists expect to find or discover on the road For William Least heat Moon the journey is on the one hand a sort of escape from home and on the other hand it obviously represents an attempt to forget or even heal. "Etymology: 'curious', related to 'cure', once meant 'carefully observant'. Maybe a tonic of curiosity would counter my numbing sense that life inevitably creeps toward the absurd. 'Absurd', by the way, derives from a Latin word meaning 'deaf, dulled'. Maybe the road could provide a therapy through observation of the ordinary and obvious, a means whereby the outer eye opens an inner one." (Blue Highways, p.17) As the name 'Least Heat Moon' already indicates, his ancestors were Native Americans and thus his journey is as well an occasion to search for his origins, to somehow trace his ancestral roots. Most road protagonists set out alone with the simple reason to find their true self. For William Least Heat Moon this search for himself requires the loneliness of the back roads and this purity of experience. However, although the loneliness of the back roads is quite an important aspect, Least Heat Moon knows that it is exactly his traveling alone that also brings him into contact with people that makes him

The Legalization Of Genetically Choosing The Feature of Child Research Paper

The Legalization Of Genetically Choosing The Feature of Child - Research Paper Example It is therefore not a new striking issue to finally end up with concern about the legalization of genetically choosing the feature of one’s own child. This is due to the fact that humans aim at improving ways in order to eliminate various negative health concerns of the humanity. One substantial proof is the ongoing studies or research and implementation of stem cells technology which at some point is aimed at trying to combat various hereditary defects and even future diseases in humans. Genetically choosing the feature of a child would make sense after all. These studies in addressing human health concerns are essentials for the human survival, but the actual implementation of their results may probably pose significant challenges and disadvantages that at some point may only be beneficial for the powerful few. At this point, I will state the promises or advantages of genetically choosing the feature of a child based on the results of genetic modifications in various animals , plants, and organisms (Reuter et al. 989; Kim et al. 534; Jang et al. 2011; Kilic and Akay 1164). The study of Reuter et al is about identifying the importance of herbicide resistant plant which the bottom line has a significant implication on protecting the environment in a wide scale. Kim et al’s research aims at understanding the therapeutic effects of genetically modified neural stem cells which found remarkable evidence of future advantage. The investigation of Jang et al has positive implications on the advantages of genetic modification on mass production of agricultural products. Finally, Kilic and Akay investigated the potential effect of transgenic crop (Bt corn) on health, but found no substantial evidence on rats. Based on the above evidences and results of different mentioned studies, there is a remarkable reason to believe that genetic modification of child’s character would also lead to success and substantial benefits especially in eradicating those h armful features causing negative impacts on human health and survival in general. I plan to point out that although there are remarkable advantages in genetic modification, its main application should only be confined and limited to plants, animals and organisms but not on humans. SUBCLAIMS: The issue about genetic modification is so complex that it is not only confined in purely scientific concerns but it involves the whole aspects of humanity. Thus, among the most important issues that are integrated in genetic modifications are social, political and economic. 1. Choosing a feature of a child via genetic modification is a great social concern. a. In here, I would include studies claiming that genetic modifications have significant benefits for the humanity which leads to positive acceptance of it. b. Particularly, I would employ the study of Guehlstorf and Hallstrom on â€Å"The role of culture in risk regulations: a comparative case study of genetically modified corn in the Unit ed States of America and European Union.†. This specifically points out the different stand of the US and European nations on genetic modification. For example, the stand of Germany on genetic modification (Christoph, Bruhn and Roosen, â€Å"Knowledge, attitudes towards and acceptability of genetic modification in Germany.†). c. I would specifically point out that the varying stand on genetic modification is a bottom line issue in line with social concern. In here, I would emphasize that due to different perspectives in looking at genetic

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire Assignment #3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire #3 - Assignment Example The behavior of the male lions on the other hand is slightly different because, lions have the tendency of assessing each other’s manes and liked to generally engage in fights without any actual physical contact. However, the darkness of the mane exuded that it was thicker than lighter mane and therefore lend better protection in a fight (West et al,2006, p609) Therefore, the lighter maned ones rarely approached the dark maned models. Dark colored manes means the lion must be aggressive and strong therefore the weaker light colored lions steer clear of the darker maned ones to avoid chanced of confrontations. 3. The findings that indicate that the gender of a species responsible for parental care lives longer is not completely true since it cannot be accurately concluded from the length of an individual’s lifespan that prolonged lifespan was a result of parental behavior among the species. It is also inaccurate the among species which takes a long time to grow and mature, longer lifespan of the parental sex has gained selection advantage is also since a long life is beneficial for the species as a whole and not in terms of individual life spans. There may be alternate explanations for the prolonged lifespan of the parental gender than that of the non-parental gender. We may perhaps propose that among animals where the female is the care provider, the resources are first taken by the female sin order to feed the young ones of the group. The resources therefore decrease and become limited for the male members of the grout which enhances intraspecific competition for resources among the male members leading to life-shortening risks to acquire the resources for survival. On the other hand among species where the male members are responsible for giving care, the female members compete over the limited resources and

Of the emergency room patient population, are visits negatively Research Paper

Of the emergency room patient population, are visits negatively impacted due to extended wait times, nursing staff shortages, an - Research Paper Example The issue under consideration was to investigate the impact of wait times on the emergency room population. The research aimed to investigate the impact of waiting time on the emergency department patients in St Barnabas Hospital. The comparison was the availability of timely and effective service in the emergency department. The outcome of the research was that the conditions of patients who were kept waiting for long worsened. The research was carried out in a timeframe of one month in October 2007. The research of Munro et al (2007) was also considered in analyzing the research question. Munro et al (2007) conducted a research to investigate effective measures of reducing emergency departments’ waiting times and the impact of the reduction of waiting time. The population of the study was medical professionals that worked in emergency departments in England. The issue that was investigated by the researchers was to determine the measures that the emergency centers had put in place during the national monitoring week. The researchers were also interested in determining which of the measures were effective. It should be noted that the issue of long waiting times in hospitals in the area had become of major concern. The comparison was between the changes in waiting time during normal operations of the emergency departments and during the national monitoring week. ... The third research that was analyzed in relation to the research problem was by Cimona (2010). The research was conducted at the Saint Rita’s Hospital in South Africa. The emergency department in this hospital catered for both casualty and medical emergencies. The study population was all patients who attended the emergency department in the hospital. On average, there were 120 patients per day and over the entire study period a total of 2,400 patients attended the hospital for the period of the study. A random sample of 30 patients were used for the study every day form Monday to Friday during the month of July 2010. The outcome of this research was that longer waiting time meant that patients suffered more sometimes leading to preventable deaths. For instance, a patient with severe injuries suffers more when he or she has to wait for extended periods before receiving the service of a doctor. The outcome of the study was that patient waiting time was affected by availability of emergency beds, number of nurses and general laxity in service provision. Thus, the number of available staff and their work ethic had an impact on the quality of service that emergency room patients could receive. The fourth research considered was a study by Arkun et al (2010). The study was conducted on a sample population of 1,543 patients in the emergency department at an urban Level II Trauma center. In this research, the comparison was between the door-to-doctor periods in the emergency department in relation to the level of satisfaction of the clients. The outcome of the study of the 1,543 patients was that the average wait time to see a doctor was 1.8 hours. Also, the average dwell time for the patients was obtained as 5.5 hours. Patients who

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire Assignment #3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire #3 - Assignment Example The behavior of the male lions on the other hand is slightly different because, lions have the tendency of assessing each other’s manes and liked to generally engage in fights without any actual physical contact. However, the darkness of the mane exuded that it was thicker than lighter mane and therefore lend better protection in a fight (West et al,2006, p609) Therefore, the lighter maned ones rarely approached the dark maned models. Dark colored manes means the lion must be aggressive and strong therefore the weaker light colored lions steer clear of the darker maned ones to avoid chanced of confrontations. 3. The findings that indicate that the gender of a species responsible for parental care lives longer is not completely true since it cannot be accurately concluded from the length of an individual’s lifespan that prolonged lifespan was a result of parental behavior among the species. It is also inaccurate the among species which takes a long time to grow and mature, longer lifespan of the parental sex has gained selection advantage is also since a long life is beneficial for the species as a whole and not in terms of individual life spans. There may be alternate explanations for the prolonged lifespan of the parental gender than that of the non-parental gender. We may perhaps propose that among animals where the female is the care provider, the resources are first taken by the female sin order to feed the young ones of the group. The resources therefore decrease and become limited for the male members of the grout which enhances intraspecific competition for resources among the male members leading to life-shortening risks to acquire the resources for survival. On the other hand among species where the male members are responsible for giving care, the female members compete over the limited resources and

Critical Analysison a study-Cancer cachexia- omega 3 benefits Essay

Critical Analysison a study-Cancer cachexia- omega 3 benefits - Essay Example he ability to assimilate nutrients for body-building is being compromised at the same time that the underlying disease is causing diminished appetite leading to poor feeding. Unlike primary protein energy malnutrition (which occurs in anorexia nervosa or kwashiorkor/marasmus), cachexia is induced by disease conditions. With primary protein energy malnutrition, the problem is one of inadequate nutritional intake. But in cachexia, the issue is that patients, regardless of the adequacy of nutritional intake, have abnormally accelerated disposition of nutrients, hence a negative balance of metabolism results (Fearon and Moses, 2002). Inflammatory processes are involved in secondary PEM which are absent in primary PEM, and while primary PEM can be reversed by bolstering nutrient intake, the same benefit cannot be obtained in secondary PEM. In primary PEM there is faster loss of adipose tissue than that of lean body mass, but the loss is equally from both compartments in cachexia. Skeletal muscle loss is a feature that is peculiar to the cachexic state (Tisdale, 2003). Previous laboratory and clinical studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and EPA-containing supplements demonstrate molecular anti-inflammatory activity which is relevant to the attenuation of cachexia, in both humans and animal models. However, past results from multiple studies have been equivocal in their findings, and this study aims to elicit independent objective evidence in favour of or against the proposition that EPA confers significant benefit in arresting the progress of cachexia in affected patients. Yes. There was inadequate discussion of the basis for their using the type of EPA preparations they used, as opposed to other available types. The authors could also have done a better job of reviewing the literature on the mechanistic aspects of how cachexia develops and what bearing this information will have on the approach they used for their

Hispanic students Essay Example for Free

Hispanic students Essay Learning is one of the vital needs of a growing child. However, because of some social issues, the education outside the house is unfairly provided to students of an educational institute, which revolves in a culturally diverse community. As seen by many educational and child development experts, this is one of the main problems that the educational institutions face today. The issues that are connoted to be in connection with the racial inequalities in the society, which are also present in the educational institutions of America. In this regard, the author of this paper hopes to discover the reasons behind the said educational issue especially concerning the impact it has on teaching children who have learning disabilities. As known to many, public schools in the United States are catering to both bright children as well as children who are suffering from learning difficulties who belong to the lower economic sector of the society. Because of this, the government of the said country provides certain assistance such as healthcare facilities to support the needs of the said children. However, because of racial differences, the administration of some public school institutions is rather encouraged to treat children differently. This means that there exists an unequal treatment especially between the White American children and the ones belonging to the minorities. How Race Plays a Great Role in the Public School Setting page 2 In the public school system, White students with developmental disabilities have more emphasis put on their success than their African American and Hispanic counterpart. The public school administration makes every service that is possible available to White students, while at the same time withholding this information from African American and Hispanic students and their families. As a fact, it has been observed that administrations catering to children who are suffering from developmental or emotional disabilities makes it sure that the White children are aware and have an ample access to the services of the school that are available for them to have especially regarding healthcare and counseling assistance. On the contrary, they are leaving the minorities unaware of the said services. Hence, most often than not, African American students who have disabilities lack their needs because of the stigma that plagues their race, which was unfortunately applied to them by the society. Purpose of the Study The author of this paper aims to examine the wide differences that occur between multiculturalized populations in the public educational institutions present in the American society. Aside from this, the author also hopes to come up with better institutional systems, which could be applied in public school administrations, which are catering to students who have learning disabilities. Hence, by doing so, this study would then be able to cater to the needs of both the White students as well as the minorities to have an ample and equal share of the services provided by the administration for them. Consequently, the author too, expects that at the How Race Plays a Great Role in the Public School completion of this research, several foundations of change could be established to set the priorities of the public school administration straight back to giving fair service to all the students that they cater to regardless of from what race or minority group they come form. Importance of the Study As mentioned earlier, the issue of service provision to children belonging to the minor races who are present in the American society concerns a large portion of the population of public school institutions. This way, by knowing the realities behind the actual situation that are happening in the said educational establishments, this study would enlighten every reader about the need to be informed and be well serviced by the administration where they enroll their children into. This study should also awaken the less-caring administrations to finally realize that the very reason of their existence is to give fine and fair service to their stakeholders and the includes all the students who are enrolled in their institutions. Hence, as a result, it is expected to convince administrative officers to provide information to everyone else who is enrolled in their schools about the best possible services that they could avail from the school provisions. This could include both therapies and counseling sessions that could help the children get over their learning difficulties free of charge. In this manner, it would not only be the White students who would have access and benefit from the administration’s provisions, but the minorities as well.

My Childhood Autumns in a Nutshell. . . or an Apple :: Essays Papers

My Childhood Autumns in a Nutshell. . . or an Apple As a native Vermonter, I have spent every autumn driving out of Burlington and into the rust and golden mountains of Stowe to admire the foliage and to take advantage of nearby orchards. I have visited probably every orchard, mill, factory and farm over my lifetime. Through these excursions, freshly made apple cider, warm cider doughnuts, cool, crunchy apples picked right off the branch, and the smell of these apples have all become imbedded into my memories of my childhood here in Vermont. Despite all of my experience with Vermont apples and their by-products, I have never taken the time to really get to know the fruit. There are so many varieties of apples, and although I’ve most likely eaten them all, I could only surely identify one: the Granny Smith. I feel that, as a Vermonter, telling one apple from another is something that I should be able to do. As this passing autumn will be my last consecutive one in Vermont before college, I made it my duty to learn about one of my home state’s largest exports, and set of in search of the best Vermont apple. I figured that before I began tasting apples, I should first have a list of ideal apple qualities to measure my candidates against. My criteria for being considered a good apple: not too sweet but also not too tart, juicy, but not so juicy that it’s embarrassing to bite into it in front of others, not yellow on the inside, no brown spots or bitter bit, not so soft that your bite extends down into the seeds and core, but also not so hard that it hurts your gums to bite into it. A good apple is not mushy or bruised, it has a stem, it’s nicely shaped, and it’s not small- it’s a nice big apple, but not so big it makes you sick to eat the whole thing. A good apple must be flavorful, have a nice aroma, and, very importantly, be crunchy enough that it makes a crisp sound when you bite into it. Also, a perfect apple must be very round, not tall and oval shaped with four big humps on the bottom. I don’t like this kind. I figured that the best place to buy the freshest apples would be at a co-op, so I went to the City Market in Burlington and bought a bag of Vermont apples grown at a local orchard.

A.M.Holmes Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlanes Family Guy, and Tony

A.M.Holmes' Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlane's Family Guy, and Tony Kushner's Angels in America The social progression of America in the 20th and 21st centuries has been arguably advantageous. In the years following the feminist and civil rights movements, the United States has undeniably developed into the world’s leading democratic system. Women and minorities have equal citizenship status under the law. There are more females in the workforce than ever before, and formerly guarded issues such as homosexuality and domestic problems can now be addressed openly in social and political forums. However, the question remains as to whether or not such progression has benefited American culture and its population as a whole. Perhaps we have become too liberal, too timorous at addressing one another’s differences, resulting in the perpetual fear of coming across as too politically incorrect when expressing one’s opinions. Perhaps our social order has become excessively inverted; women are born intended to slave over the hot stove, and only males and females are b iologically prearranged to copulate. Perhaps we are still not tolerant enough, as many minorities still suffer quietly under a largely heterosexual-Caucasian-male-dominated regime. What we have gained from free thinking and global assimilation, we have also lost in traditional principles. Despite the cultural uncertainties that have risen from national change, it is evident that the â€Å"American dream† is no longer the embodiment of attaining the white picket fence and happy home that it once was. Postmodern texts seek to examine this social revolution by examining and questioning our social evolution. Three examples of such texts, A.M. Homes’ Music For Torching, Seth... ...ent of theories and doctrines? Have the values of America diminished because of such progression? Or has our nation not progressed at all, and remained stagnant because, as Kushner would contend, we have repeatedly committed the same societal mistakes throughout history? Though we have solved certain dilemmas, new ones have arisen. Americans cherish free enterprise, yet we have come to recognize that money cannot buy happiness. Women may now enter the workforce, but are forced to arbitrate between a career and children. Husbands face mid-life crises about the issue of their masculinity. In general, the simple idealism of the rags-to-riches success story is no longer the dream of the postmodern American. Our ambition has instead become a fixation with establishing and accepting one’s own identity and the identities of others despite continuing social uncertainties.

Is the traditional two parent family best?

While it is shown in everyday life that traditional two parent families can raise DOD, healthy children, there is no solid evidence and certainly no law against the less traditional single parent family or same-sex parent family. In the following paragraphs I shall discuss the above statement. The argument for a two parent family is often that a child raised by two parents receives more attention and care, and that they experience less distress as they don't have to suffer a separation or the repercussions of one.Although in many cases this can be true, it isn't a solid argument as it is not certain that every child with only one arena receives little or less attention (it often depends on the parent(s') profession(sub and It Is not certain that every child with only one parent Is In their situation because of a divorce or separation. Also, the effects of attention on children are not a case of ‘more attention means higher IQ' or ‘more attention means happier child', as t he health and happiness of a child depends on a number of things.However, it is true that in cases where the child does not experience a separation or divorce, the child is much more likely to have a happy childhood. Another argument for traditional two parent families is that the child is raised in a stable environment and would experience less or no trauma. A Canadian experiment carried out with mice found that offspring raised by both parents developed more brain cells, as the mice with two parents were better cared for.However, the raising of mice is far simpler than the raising of human children, and the study depends on the Idea that If a child has two parents, they're bound to have more attention. In reality, the amount of attention that a child gets depends on the nature of their arenas, their parents' professions, the number of siblings that the child has, and perhaps whether or not the family has a nanny.It appears that it is true to say that children who receive more atte ntion and care in their early years are better off, but not necessarily that children in traditional two parent families are going to receive a lot of attention and care. A widely accepted opinion of single parent families is that if a person is raising a child or children alone, the parent experiences the stresses and strains of parenting n a much more intense way than if they were not single, as they do not have a partner to help them, and that this is unfair on the child and results in issues for the child or children.Another Is that caring for a child alone means financial problems, as the family relies on only one wage rather than two, so children are more likely to be malnourished or face poverty in general. In the last 40 years, the number of single parent barnacles has almost tripled, and there Is a correlation In the number of teens and children being treated for eating disorders, which are often fuelled by unstable f things (for example, the pressure of society to have a c ertain type of body), but it is possible that the two things are connected.There are few strong arguments for single parent families rather than two parent families as opinion usually seems to be either that single parent families aren't as good as two parent families, or that single parent families can be Just as good as two parent families, but it could be argued that in a single parent family, there aren't disagreements between the two parents and that in some cases a child can be raised tit a lot of stability as they're relying on one person alone.As a person who was raised in a two parent family but dealt with a parental separation in my late childhood, I can provide some insight to the effects of the two different types of family. I am thankful that I was raised in a two parent family, as it meant that overall there was a larger income for my family, which was fairly large, and I definitely agree that as an infant I received either the average or above average amount of attent ion needed for proper growth and development of a child, and this dead to me being an intelligent and functioning human being.I also agree with the idea that the separation of parents induces stress in a child, which I certainly felt. Although the separation itself wasn't traumatic at all and took place in what was probably the best and most gradual way, I picked up on the stress of my parents and of course it isn't a pleasant experience for anyone. In conclusion, the development of a child depends on a large number of factors, and although the number of parents the child has is one of those factors, it is not the only one and it is often not the most important one.

Competitive and internal information Essay

Write an essay on the typical main sources of business information generated both internally and externally for public companies. How is such information used to establish a company’s place in the market? Illustrate your answer with examples from one or more business sectors of your choice. INTRODUCTION Information consists of data that have been retrieved, processed, or used for informative purposes, argument or as a basis for forecasting or decision making. Without information, a business cannot survive. A recipe for a good decision is 90 percent information and 10 percent inspiration. Information is the catalyst of management and the ingredient that coalesces the managerial functions of planning, operating controlling. Managers depend on information for making decisions. Any organization is held together by the possession of means for the acquisition, use, retention and transmission of information. The purpose of management system is to develop plans for achieving objectives, to organize for implementing plan and to control performance so that plans and actions occur on schedule. The place of information in performing these three basis processes is shown in the following. MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND INFORMATION NEED 1) Performance against plan 2) Environmental, Competitive and internal information concurring problem and opportunities. Evaluation of 1 and 2 in order to Make a prediction of estimate of Alternative courses of action Alternative source. Prediction of results for alternative Courses of action. Communicate details of plan and Control standards. Performance against PK In the above figure for information needs 1) In the the first step, recognition of problem or an opportunity is prompted by information from the control process concerning a deviation from standard or by search and evaluation of those system (environmental, competitive, Internal) 2) Definition of problem, determination and evaluation of alternative course of action. 3) Once a decision is made, it is necessary to implement and control a solution. Among the above steps, planning information needs of an organization can be classified into three broad types. 1) Environmental 2) Competitive 3) Internal 1) Environmental information It can be classified as (A) Political and Government consideration Some information on political stability is important for forecasting plans. (B) Demographic and Social trends Some information is necessary to forecast the Social Trends and consumer buying behavior for both the long and short run. (C) Economic Trends. Employment, Productivity and numerals other economic indicators provide valuable planning information for the firms whose output is a function of these important variables (D) Technological environment Some information is necessary to forecast the technological changes in their industry and probable effect on the firm. (2) Competitive information. Information concerning factors that affects the operation of the firm within an industry includes data concerning industry and firm demand as well as the data on the competitors. The information can be classified into three types. They are (a) Industry Demand. Information is needed for forecasting the demand for the Sale and the corresponding level of operation of a single firm. (b) Firm Demand The demand for products of an individual firm is a function of the Industry demand and the capabilities and activities of the individual firm relative to the capabilities and action of competing firms. (c) Competition Data on competing firms are very important for forecasting the individual demand and making decisions and plans to achieve the forecast. (3) Internal information They are vital for subsidiary planning at all levels in the organization. Internal data are aimed at an identification of the organization’s strength and weakness.. The types of internal information are (A) Sales forecast: Some information is necessary for forecasting the Sales. (B) The financial plan It is the system that links all activities of the company together. (C) Policies Some information is necessary to frame the basis policies for long run purpose. Data and information come from many sources – both internal (inside the business) and external. This revision note summarizes the main sources: Business data and information comes from multiple sources. The challenge for a business is to capture and use information that is relevant and reliable. The main sources are: INTERNAL INFORMATION Accounting records are a prime source of internal information. They detail the transactions of the business in the past – which may be used as the basis for planning for the future (e. g. preparing a financial budget or forecast). The accounting records are primarily used to record what happens to the financial resources of a business. For example, how cash is obtained and spent; what assets are acquired; what profits or losses are made on the activities of the business. However, accounting records can provide much more than financial information. For example, details of the products manufactured and delivered from a factory can provide useful information about whether quality standards are being met. Data analyzed from customer sales invoices provides a profile of what and to whom products are being sold. A lot of internal information is connected to accounting systems – but is not directly part of them. For example: – Records of the people employed by the business (personal details; what they get paid; skills and experience; training records) – Data on the costs associated with business processes (e. g. costings for contracts entered into by the business) – Data from the production department (e. g. number of machines; capacity; repair record) – Data from activities in direct contact with the customer (e. g. analysis of calls received and missed in a call centre) A lot of internal information is also provided informally. For example, regular meetings of staff and management will result in the communication of relevant information. SAMPLE SOURCES OF INTERNAL INFORMATION: Balance Sheet of ICICI PERIOD ENDING 31-Mar-00 Assets Current Assets Cash And Cash Equivalents 1,479,000 Short Term Investments – Net Receivables 194,000 Inventory – Other Current Assets – Total Current Assets – Long Term Investments 1,185,000 Property Plant and Equipment 48,000 Goodwill – Intangible Assets – Accumulated Amortization – Other Assets 81,000 Deferred Long Term Asset Charges – Total Assets 2,987,000 Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable – Short/Current Long Term Debt – Other Current Liabilities 2,454,000 Total Current Liabilities – Long Term Debt 57,000 Other Liabilities 215,000 Deferred Long Term Liability Charges – Minority Interest – Negative Goodwill – Total Liabilities 2,726,000 Stockholders’ Equity Misc Stocks Options Warrants – Redeemable Preferred Stock – Preferred Stock – Common Stock 45,000 Retained Earnings 44,000 Treasury Stock – Capital Surplus 171,000 Other Stockholder Equity 1,000 Total Stockholder Equity 261,000 Net Tangible Assets $261,000 Source: Yahoo Finance Stock movement of I-Flex solutions Series Date Prev Close Open Price High Price Low Price Last Price Close Price Total Traded Quantity Turnover in Lacs EQ 03-Mar-2008 1,078. 95 1,037. 00 1,080. 00 1,020. 00 1,029. 90 1,042. 55 17954 190. 31 EQ 04-Mar-2008 1,042. 55 1,020. 00 1,075. 00 1,017. 00 1,047. 65 1,048. 25 36723 382. 44 EQ 05-Mar-2008 1,048. 25 1,070. 00 1,070. 00 1,030. 15 1,045. 00 1,039. 20 22219 231. 63 EQ 07-Mar-2008 1,039. 20 1,021. 00 1,032. 00 983. 00 1,004. 95 1,001. 50 22103 220. 45 EQ 10-Mar-2008 1,001. 50 955. 00 1,040. 00 946. 40 1,005. 00 1,015. 50 19099 192. 55 EQ 11-Mar-2008 1,015. 50 992. 50 1,065. 00 992. 50 1,045. 00 1,054. 65 21805 226. 22 EQ 12-Mar-2008 1,054. 65 1,100. 00 1,100. 00 1,000. 00 1,004. 00 1,007. 45 13398 139. 14 EQ 13-Mar-2008 1,007. 45 987. 05 1,010. 00 952. 00 954. 00 959. 10 15931 155. 65 EQ 14-Mar-2008 959. 10 962. 00 992. 00 920. 00 990. 00 983. 15 21685 210. 01 EQ 17-Mar-2008 983. 15 925. 00 970. 00 925. 00 965. 00 942. 95 12307 116. 99 EQ 18-Mar-2008 942. 95 931. 00 958. 50 925. 10 927. 00 936. 50 21230 200. 13 EQ 19-Mar-2008 936. 50 970. 00 978. 00 922. 00 925. 00 925. 55 21245 199. 40 EQ 24-Mar-2008 925. 55 948. 00 950. 00 895. 00 905. 00 908. 25 21626 197. 55 EQ 25-Mar-2008 908. 25 913. 50 1,008. 00 913. 50 990. 10 992. 55 58576 571. 10 EQ 26-Mar-2008 992. 55 988. 90 1,027. 00 974. 00 974. 00 986. 85 33402 335. 28 EQ 27-Mar-2008 986. 85 975. 00 1,003. 00 935. 00 951. 05 947. 10 118566 1,140. 60 EQ 28-Mar-2008 947. 10 970. 00 994. 00 956. 00 976. 00 984. 40 21658 210. 89 EQ 31-Mar-2008 984. 40 970. 25 985. 00 935. 00 948. 20 941. 10 39622 376. 60 Source: NSEINDIA EXTERNAL INFORMATION As the term implies, this is information that is obtained from outside the business. There are several categories of external information: – Information relating to way a business should undertake its activities E. g. businesses need to keep records so that they can collect taxes on behalf of the government. So a business needs to obtain regular information about the taxation system (e. g. PAYE, VAT, Corporation Tax) and what actions it needs to take. Increasingly this kind of information (and the return forms a business needs to send) is provided in digital format. Similarly, a business needs to be aware of key legal areas (e. g. environmental legislation; health & safety regulation; employment law). There is a whole publishing industry devoted to selling this kind of information to businesses. – Information about the markets in which a business operates This kind of external information is critically important to a business. It is often referred to as â€Å"market† or â€Å"competitive intelligence†. Most of the external information that a business needs can be obtained from marketing research. Marketing research can help a business do one or more of the following: 1. Gain a more detailed understanding of consumers’ needs – marketing research can help firms to discover consumers’ opinions on a huge range of issues, e. g. , views on products’ prices, packaging, recent advertising campaigns 2. Reduce the risk of product/business failure – there is no guarantee that any new idea will be a commercial success, but accurate and up-to-date information on the market can help a business make informed decisions, hopefully leading to products that consumers want in sufficient numbers to achieve commercial success. 3. Forecast future trends – marketing research can not only provide information regarding the current state of the market but it can also be used to anticipate customer needs future customer needs. Firms can then make the necessary adjustments to their product portfolios and levels of output in order to remain successful. The information for marketing research tends to come from three main sources: Internal Company Information – e. g. sales, orders, customer profiles, stocks, customer service reports Marketing intelligence – this is a catch-all term to include all the everyday information about developments in the market that helps a business prepare and adjust its marketing plans. It can be obtained from many sources, including suppliers, customers and distributors. It is also possible to buy intelligence information from outside suppliers (e. g. Mintel, Dun and Bradstreet) who will produce commercial intelligence reports that can be sold profitably to any interested organization. Market Research – existing data from internal sources may not provide sufficient detail. Similarly, published reports from market intelligence organizations cannot always be relied upon to provide the up-to-date, relevant information required. In these circumstances, a business may need to commission specific studies in order to acquire the data required to support their marketing strategy. – http://tutor2u. net/business/ict/intro_information_sources. htm SOURCES OF BUSINESS INFORMATION Details of following types of organizations are required to be maintained by NCTI for guiding entrepreneurs/exporters to approach to the right organization for getting the desired information, assistance and help. †¢ Foreign Embassies/High Commissions/Consulate in India †¢ Indian Missions/Consulate abroad †¢ Chambers of Commerce & Industry †¢ Trade Promotion /Import Promotion Organizations †¢ Export Inspection Agencies †¢ Export Processing Zones in India and Abroad Details of these organizations are readily available with NCTI. – http://archives. nic. in/ncti/ncti8. htm SAMPLE SOURCES OF EXTERNAL INFORMATION: AMR Research Releases ERP Market Report Showing Overall Market Growth of 14% in 2004, Tuesday, June 14, 2005, Kevin Reilly As Market Consolidation Continues, Top 5 ERP Vendors Account for 72% of Revenue Today, AMR Research released its annual report on the state of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) market. The Market Analytix Report: Enterprise Resource Planning, 2004-2009 revealed that ERP market revenues increased 14% in 2004. The report indicates that approximately one-third of the growth in the overall market was due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. While the ERP market has grown in revenue, consolidation continues to change the industry. In 1999, the top five vendors (J. D. Edwards, Baan, Oracle, PeopleSoft, and SAP) in the ERP market accounted for 59% of the industry’s revenue. AMR Research expects the top five vendors in 2005 (SAP, Oracle, Sage Group, Microsoft, and SSA Global) to account for 72% of ERP vendors’ total revenue. â€Å"The ERP market showed solid organic growth in 2004 as IT spending improved,† says Jim Shepherd, vice president of research at AMR Research. â€Å"The market was also affected by consolidation within the segment, as well as ERP vendors acquiring best-of-breed players to broaden their portfolios. † While many ERP vendors struggled in 2004, SAP AG increased overall revenues by 17% and license revenues by 20% – without any acquisitions. SAP’s ERP market share increased to more than 40%. Oracle nearly doubled the size of its application business through the acquisition of PeopleSoft, but AMR Research expects SAP to finish 2005 with more than twice the revenue and market share of the combined Oracle-PeopleSoft. Report Findings and Analysis The report delivers revenue and growth rates for the top ERP players as well as growth forecasts through 2009. ERP vendors ranked by 2004 ERP license revenue can be seen in the chart below. The top ten ERP vendors by revenue include the following companies: The report revealed several trends that affected the ERP market in 2004, including: The ERP market is entering another major technology transition phase. Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) may have the same disruptive effect that other technologies have had on the market, such as the emergence of client-server systems had in the 1990’s. The pace of acquisitions shows no sign of slowing down. Oracle’s purchase of Retek and vendors like Sage Group, SSA Global, Infor Global Solutions, and Epicor have all been very active in the M&A space and have grown more rapidly than the overall ERP market. The midrange ($50M – $1B in annual revenue) and SMB (less than $50M in annual revenue) markets continue to be a major focus area for many of the ERP vendors. Midrange solutions and channels are critically important for penetrating China, India, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. ERP buyers have moved away from large, upfront purchases. Now most tend to license user seats and functional ERP modules incrementally as they deploy a product. Along with widespread discounting, this has led to smaller average deal sizes. BANK’S REPORT BY FDIC Dollar Amounts in Billions Fourth Quarter 2007 All Insured Institutions Commercial Banks Savings Institutions Credit Card Lenders Mortgage Lenders Number of FDIC-Insured 8,533 7,282 1,251 27 786 Number of FDIC-Supervised 5,197 4,772 425 10 317 Total Assets $ 13,039 11,176 1,863 479 1,334 Total Loans $ 7,906 6,626 1,280 369 944 Domestic Deposits $ 6,912 5,807 1,105 142 737 Net Income (QTR) $ 5. 816 10. 540 -4. 724 3. 027 -3. 230 Percent Profitable (QTR) % 82. 3 83. 2 77. 0 88. 9 79. 1 Average Return on Assets (QTR) % 0. 18 0. 38 -1. 00 2. 61 -0. 94 Average Return on Equity (QTR) % 1. 74 3. 76 -8. 70 11. 96 -10. 51 Net Interest Margin (QTR) % 3. 30 3. 38 2. 86 8. 97 2. 52 Equity to Assets % 10. 37 10. 24 11. 17 21. 26 8. 61 Noncurrent Loan Rate – Total Loans * % 1. 39 1. 30 1. 86 2. 00 1. 87 Real Estate Loans % 1. 71 1. 62 2. 01 1. 81 1. 94 C&I Loans % 0. 66 0. 64 0. 92 2. 21 0. 88 Consumer Loans % 1. 43 1. 48 0. 98 2. 10 0. 96 Coverage Ratio ** % 92. 54 102. 84 55. 35 207. 47 45. 74 Net Charge-Off Rate – All Loans (QTR) % 0. 83 0. 86 0. 68 4. 23 0. 66 Real Estate Loans (QTR) % 0. 44 0. 43 0. 49 2. 61 0. 54 C&I Loans (QTR) % 0. 87 0. 85 1. 24 5. 13 1. 35 Consumer Loans (QTR) % 2. 75 2. 77 2. 54 4. 39 3. 16 Source: http://www. fdic. gov/bank/statistical/stats/2007dec/industry. html REFERENCES ? James O’ Brien, Management Information system, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 2007, Pg. 245-267. ? AMR Research Releases ERP Market Report Showing Overall Market Growth of 14% in 2004, Tuesday, June 14, 2005 Kevin Reilly ? Yahoo Finance ? www. nseindia. com ? http://archives. nic. in/ncti/ncti8. htm ? http://tutor2u. net/business/ict/intro_information_sources. htm http://www. fdic. gov/bank/statistical/stats/2007dec/industry. html