Essay on An Analysis of Culture in Things Fall Apart

The novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† written by Chinua Achebe, is a tale based on the traditional beliefs and customs of an Ibo village during late 1800’s Africa. Through the telling of this story, we witness the remarkable depth of Igbo culture through its functions of religion, politics, judiciary and entertainment. One of Achebe’s challenges was to illustrate the Ibo’s religious system. Even though the Ibo people had little contact with the outside world, they had developed their own beliefs and practices that became essential elements in their everyday lives. The Ibo religion played a role in the way they raised their families, communicated, entertained, and governed their society. Similar to those of the early Egyptian and Greek religions,†¦show more content†¦As well as maintaining good morals and values, the Ibo people further connected with their gods and ancestors through the act of sacrifice. The Ibo people would sacrifice anything from fruit, small animals and in some instances, people. On page 17, Unoka explains that, â€Å"before I put any crop in the earth, I sacrifice a cock to Ani, the owner of all land. It is the law of our fathers. I also kill a cock at the shrine of Ifejioku, the god of yams.† Although some of the practices of the Ibo religion may s eem harsh, its primary goal is to maintain a peaceful and just society. Just as the Ibo celebrate religion with their gods, they also celebrate with each other. Later on page 97, Tortoise explains that he has, â€Å"†¦learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making it for himself,† which demonstrates how the Ibo people followed principles similar to that of the â€Å"golden rule† found in many other religions of the time. Achebe also illustrates the Ibo judiciary and political system throughout the entire story. Similar to those in other cultures, the Ibo people had a very structured social order. In the beginning of the story on page 18, Achebe describes Nwakibie’s status in the Ibo village by stating he, â€Å"†¦had taken the highest butShow MoreRelatedWork1068 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Things Fall Apart: Character Analysis Research Paper In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character Okonkwo has only one tragic flaw; he has raised himself so that looking weak or effeminate is the worst thing to him that he could do. Okonkwo is a model clansman based on his success. However, he is more alienated from his culture based on his lack of respect for it. In this research paper, I’ll walk through a character analysis of Okonkwo. The protagonist of Things FallRead MoreAnalysis Of Feminism In Things Fall Apart1070 Words   |  5 Pages The analysis of feminist theory in Things Fall Apart presents reason for the sexism that is continuously portrayed. Sexism and problematic gender roles within the novel are repeatedly depicted throughout a number of scenes and characters. With this, we are able to see how sexism exists in various cultures and how the implementation of sexism is detrimental to society. Although, as feminist theory states, rebelling and challenging the patriarchal system is necessary to halt gender roles and sexualRead MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 2112 October 17, 2012 In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timelessRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1070 Words   |  5 Pages Achebe faces a problem. How can he present the African heritage and culture in a language that can never describe it adequately? Indeed, one of the primary tasks of Things Fall Apart is to confront this lack of understanding between the Igbo culture and the colonialist culture. In the novel, the Igbo ask how the white man can call Igbo customs bad when he does not even speak the Igbo language. An understanding of Igbo culture can only be possible when the ou tsider can relate to the Igbo languageRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Fahrenheit 451, the main character, Guy Montag is fighting against the technological revolution taking place in the 23rd century. He battles with a society full of censorship, where everyone is too caught up with their new gadgets to have meaningful conversations. Okwonko, the main character of Things Fall Apart, is also fighting a battle, a battle against the Europeans who are invading his culture. From day one Okwonko wanted toRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and tra ditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreCharacter Analysis Okonkwo705 Words   |  3 PagesThings Fall Apart- Okonkwo In the novel †Things Fall Apart,† by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo is a character who shows the difficulty of staying true and saving his religion. Okonkwo is a very strong man. At times he may be very stubborn, like most men. With many occasions he is very impatient and struggles with controlling his anger. In the book, he is exiled for seven years. During those seven years missionaries come into the village and try to make all of the Ibo tribe convert into Christianity. SinceRead MoreChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature830 Words   |  4 Pagesinterested his African culture and thereby conforming to associate himself to his local traditions. (Africa) Achebe was offered admission to study medicine at University college in Ibadan, he rather chose to study liberal arts, an area that resonates better for him. During his undergraduate studies, he happened to read a book that really motivated him into writing Mister Johnson by Joyce Cary, Achebe believes Mister Johnson portrayed Nigeria virtually without in-depth analysis and negatively. HeRead MoreWhen Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe689 Words   |  3 PagesWhen Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart was a fictional story that documented the tragic death of the successful and highly respected Okonkwo, a leader in the Umuofian tribe; and upon further analysis, his death serves as a symbol of a much greater tragedy: the white man’s destruction of an entire culture through a forced societal transformation and conversion into Christianity. However, it is in my opinion that the conversion was a combination of the white man’s imperialistic actions, meshed withRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timeless struggles that appeal to every human

Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Depressive Mood Disorder

In the case of Howard, we see a collection of multiple different symptoms going on in which one would believe leads to one or multiple mental disorders. The first one that comes to mind would be the one of a depressive mood disorder. If we look closely at the symptoms that are provided in the case we see that although he does show multiple symptoms that would lead to depressive mood disorder that one would think would be a correct diagnosis, if we look closer into the symptoms and criteria we find that it is false. In order for a person to be diagnosed as having a depressive mood disorder, they must have been in a depressive mood and experiencing at least five of the symptoms that are listed for at least two consecutive weeks. Howard indeed has more than five of the symptoms that have been listed in the DSM-V. The symptoms that Howard exhibits are feeling empty, worthless, losing weight, loss of weight and thoughts of suicide. The time length that these symptoms had lasted however were stated as lasting a week before other symptoms began to arise which might lead one to think that rather than having depressive episodes, Howard began showing signs of manic episodes. The signs that he began to develop were irritable mood, racing thoughts; inflated self-esteem, being more distracted, and others were not able to follow his logic. He began to believe that Stacy, the victim would start liking him if she would just get to know him. He began getting obsessed with the thought ofShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The DSM-5877 Words   |  4 Pagesneed for a classification of mental disorders has been clear throughout the history of medicine. The American Psychiatric Association, the DSM was first published in 1984. The DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, many studies showing that treatment providers have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms (American Psychological Association , 2010). The symptom inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) have remained essentially unchangedRead MoreThe Diagnostic Criteria For The Depression Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesFive (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, and hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.) 2. Markedly diminished interestRead MoreManic Depression : An Effective Disorder952 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research paper, mood disorder is known as an effective disorder. This Mood disorder has another name or title that is psychiatrically labeled as Manic Depression. Sometimes individuals have good days or bad days, or just simply feel depressed. This manic depression concept reaches way beyond the trivial aspects of life. Sometimes life itself throws a curve, to the point, where an individual becomes unhappy about things that may lead them to a state of being emotionally depressed, but thisRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pages Early-onset bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disturbance that causes dramatic shifts in one’s mood that is uncharacteristic of their normal mood and behavior. This hereditary behavioral disorder causes mood swings from extreme lows, depression, to extreme highs, mania. It usually occurs in mid- to late-adolescence but can appear as early as elementary school. The unique symptoms of this age group are angry and aggressive outbursts followed by periods of remorse and guilt, declining academic performanceRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms943 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a severe mental illness that causes shifts in mood swings by being overly excited or overly depressed, and can have suicidal thoughts. â€Å"All people with bipolar disorder have manic episodes- abnormally elevated or irritable moods that last a week and impair functioning.† (htpp://www.apa.org, 2015) Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness, can be controlled with prescription medication and psychotherapy sessions. Bipolar disorders are broken down into many partsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder928 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar disorder is a depressive illness that effects the brain that causes shifts in mood and the ability to carry out daily tasks. There are multiple classifications of the types of the disorder that range from extremely elated moods (manic phases) to extremely sad moods (depressive phases). The different episodes classify Bipolar disorder into type one or type two. Bipolar one disorder is classified as mania episodes th at last at least a week and are usually followed by depressive episodes thatRead MorePsychology : Human And Emotional Type Of Disorders1734 Words   |  7 Pagesa broad sense the overall topic of abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is and can be thought of as like any other psychology in a way but more specifically it is a psychology that deals with the understanding of mental and emotional type of disorders. As a psychology major you get to look at psychology through many forms, this is done with an objective which prepares you so to see which focus you find or can connect to most, most often for personal or logical base reasons. A subject or topicRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder : Specific Symptoms Across Adjacent Episodes915 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder: Specific Symptoms Across Adjacent Episodes in Adolescents Past research has sought to establish set features of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents. However, it has remained unclear as to how to compare different variables regarding adolescents due to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Many in the medical field believed that depressive disorders did not exist in adolescents and that the DSM needed to be updated to better suitRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Manic Depressive Illness1734 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely â€Å"up,† elated, and energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very sad, â€Å"down,† or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severeRead MoreBipolar Disorder or Manic Depression719 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is also known by many as manic depression. It is a serious mental disorder that is associated by sever changes in a person’s mood, the mood changes range from feeling low and depressed to being manic, these changes are the typical symptoms of Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain, and can be managed with therapy and medication. The episodes can last for days, hours or can be very short. Bipolar disorder affects both women

Timbaland and Magoo “Under Construction 2” free essay sample

Timbaland and Magoo return for theirsequel to â€Å"Under Construction.† Both are rappers and havebeen in the hip-hop game for a while, so this album automaticallydemands respect from the knowledgeable fan. All beats are composed bythe multi-platinum super-producer, Timbaland. Along withrapper Magoo, this album brings more heat than a volcano. The intro,â€Å"Straight Outta Virginia,† straps the seatbelt on extratight with its deep bass synth, constant hi-hat banging, andneck-snapping snare; this song has the soul of rock n rollintegrated with the essence of hip-hop, displaying the ever-growingstrength of Timbalands mind. Each track is topped offwith Magoos unique voice and rhymes. He has the rare talent ofbeing able to flow successfully on top of a Timbaland beat, contributinggreatly to this albums success. Another outstanding song wouldhave to be â€Å"Hold On,† which is emotional and about nevergiving up. Featured in the track is singer/ songwriter and former FugeeWyclef Jean. The production makes this a memorable song that you willkeep on your MP3 player for a long time. We will write a custom essay sample on Timbaland and Magoo â€Å"Under Construction 2† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This album is the mostinnovative, soulful and professional project I have ever heard. Igreatly appreciate music like this and I highly suggest you pick up thisalbum!

The Giver Essays (320 words) - The Giver, Son, Lois Lowry, Jonas

The Giver The Giver By Lois Lowry I think that the book The Giver by Lois Lowry is a book that shows that it isn't good to be perfect or live in a perfect world. You don't get to experience many things that you experience in regular life. One example from the book is how Jonas doesn't like the job that the elders assigned to him. He didn't know what he was supposed to do as a giver. He wished he had a regular job like his friends had. I'd hate someone assigning me my job in the community. I would want to be able to pick my own role, even if we both agreed on the same thing. Another reason the book shows how perfection is not good is how the life is so dull in Jonas's world. Nobody sees any color. In my opinion, color makes the world very beautiful. Everybody must follow strict laws. If a citizen does not abide by these rules, they are sent to prison and singled-out from the world. Also, they never meet anyone outside their town like regular people would at colleges or on vacation. Besides the festivals when kids grow another year, nothing very exciting goes on in the towns. Most importantly, there was almost no point to living. The only things that they did were grow up, get a job, and own kids you didn't even give birth to. Your life is controlled by a group of people that you don't see too much of. You don't experience any strange feelings like excitement or jealousy. Also, I think that the most important source of learning for a person is learning from there own experiences. People should learn from their own experiences in real life, but people don't in Jonas world. As you can see, a perfect town or community isn't that good. The quest for perfection can cause many problems. Book Reports

Addiction Hereditary or Socially Driven Deviant Behavior free essay sample

This paper reviews recent research on alcohol and drug abuse and addiction in attempt to identify the factors that make individuals vulnerable to addiction. After an extensive review of the research, the author concludes that social, familial and genetic factors are intertwined; no one factor can be said to cause addiction. The author continues that it may not always be reasonable to blame completely the addicted person for his situation. Table of Contents Introduction The Role of Family Genetics and Addiction Addiction and Personal Responsibility Not every person who experiments with drugs becomes addicted any more than every person who has a drink becomes an alcoholic. Both Tani and Oxford found that the young persons peer group made a significant difference. Young people whose friends used drugs were more likely to use drugs, while those whose friends did not were less likely to use them. Tani (2001) found in her review of the research that the peer group influenced extended use of drugs, thus increasing the risk of dependence or addiction. We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction: Hereditary or Socially Driven Deviant Behavior? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Les Miserables Essays - English-language Films, British Films

Les Miserables Essays - English-language Films, British Films Les Miserables LES MISERABLES Les Miserables is a story, a very long story, which has been categorized as a classic. The story is about 1200 pages long. It is an epic saga, which covers about three decades in the early 1800's of France. The film is about the fugitive, Jean Valjean, following his release from jail after doing nineteen years of hard labor for stealing bread. Jean Valjean is chased by the cruel and self-righteous Inspector Javert, in a lifelong struggle to evade capture. The novel, Les Miserables is internationally known. That is because of its universal themes. These themes are: how society treats its outcasts, and how it views its criminals, prejudice, justice, doing what is morally right, and people can become better persons. The theme -how society treats its outcasts- can be seen in how the poor and homeless are are treated, and that is like animals. The rich treat them as though they are inferior and that they have no feelings or any form of intelligence. They are also not given the right to vote, which makes them not citizens of that nation. This theme is universal because every nation in the world has some sort of outcasts in their land. In America, this theme can be related to the blacks. In the beginning of the twentieth century they did not have as much rights and oppurtunities as the whites. Another example of how this theme can be related to America is how a person with a southern accent is perceived as less intelligent, which is a false misconception. The theme -how criminals are viewed by society- can be seen by how Jean Valjean is treated after he is released by prison. Although, he has served a sentence of nineteen years, he is still chased and wanted. In that period of time when a person commited theft it was viewed as a crime against the community and that person should be punished to the most extremes. That theme can be seen in modern America. When a person commits a federal crime heshe cannot hold a public job or teach for the rest of hisher life. Also, when a person commits a crime, that person and that person's career is scarred for life. The theme -doing what is morally right- can be seen in many instances in the novel. One instance is Valjean gives money to free Cozzette. Another instance is Valjean does not kill Javert to save his life. Also, Javert lets Valjean go free. There are also times where people do something that is morally wrong, but lawful. One might be when the students are executed. Another might be the arrest of the prostitute. A present time situation might be soldiers killing other soldiers. It is legal, but is morally wrong. In conclusion, the novel, Les Miserables, is a universal book with themes that many people from many countries can relate to. That is why it is put in the class of classics. It is also popular because it can be related with present time situations and events.

Critical Issues Module 1 Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Issues Module 1 Paper - Coursework Example Jim Hill understood aspects of the merger between the two companies. It required an intervention for each company to realize that working together was best for the growth of both companies. As a leader and a manager, Jim experienced resentment from the other company as the Boston based company handled the marketing. Indifferences between the modes of operation caused a drift in the profits hence hindering the growth of the two companies. While the Boston based company was interested in maintaining the merger, Jill knew that it would hinder the progress and growth of Vanguard (Atrill & Mclaney, 2010). Jim exemplifies some of the aspects of the active board member through holding a meeting with the aim of discussing the future of the company. He uses the interest of the members to gain a common ground of understanding on the success of the company. The investment company needed an increase in the health of the company through improving their financial statements. Hill knew that the siz e of the business and its complexity would produce complex financial statements. This was the case for Vanguard as it had subsidiaries in oversea companies (Firstenberg, 2009). The merger of two or more companies pros and cons which lie mainly in operations. A financial investment company like Vanguard plays a key role in ensuring its customers are satisfied. Merging the company comes with taking the time to make decisions on operations of the organization. The process of decision-making requires the consent of both companies. This is time consuming if the decision needs a fast approval. Jill required the presence of Bogle to make a decision on the company’s operational structures. It took him time before he could resolve an issue concerning the operation of the company (Firstenberg, 2009). Merging may turn to be a disadvantage when it comes to the share of profits and losses.

Promotional Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promotional Strategies - Essay Example Promotion of a product involves the achievement of two objectives, and that is to provide information of the product to the targeted market, and to effectively persuade the targeted market into purchasing the product. Advertising is extremely useful in reaching any message put to any targeted market, while its relative impact on persuading the targeted market into purchase is low. Yet, it does both, and this is true for any product and in any sector of industry making it the effective form of promotion for all products. The primary advantage of advertising is that it is the least expensive in terms of per individual cost and less time consuming in spreading consumer behavior oriented information on a product to any target market, when compared to personal selling. Such messages can be got across to the targeted markets through different forms of media and the Internet quickly, and at much lower costs than what it would take a team of sales representatives to achieve. The advent of the Internet has provided a means for advertisement at even lower costs than conventional advertisements through print and television media (1). Words and images used in advertisements can trigger consumer positive reactions in wide target markets, even spread across the globe at a relatively low cost, and in very quick time (2). The disadvantage of advertising lies in the impact that it can create in the target market. Therefore deliberate planning must go into the creation of an advertisement, with extreme care being taken in the words and images used. An advertisement is like an arrow. Once it is let loose it cannot be called back, and if the message it carries creates negative feelings of either the product or the business enterprise involved in it the consequences will be disastrous. This is particularly true when products are marketed globally, and advertisements used for their promotion. Care has to be taken see

The novel & Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

The novel Frankenstein Essay How does Shelley create sympathy for the Monster, as well as for Victor Frankenstein, in the novel, Frankenstein? Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, born 30th August 1797 was the anonymous writer who was idolised over due to her novel, Frankenstein. She was a literary icon in the romanticism era in the early 1800s. The globally famous novel was published in 1818 when Shelly was at the age of 21. Shelley decided to submit her novel anonymously as in that stage in history women were not taken seriously in society and were victims of sexist and prejudiced movements. The novel was originally a ghost story in which she wrote while being overwhelmed by a series of calamities in her life; the worst of these were the suicide of her half-sister, Fanny Imlay. Frankenstein is considered to be the greatest gothic romantic novel in history and also thought of as the first science fiction novel. Gothic horror was a common genre of use in the time Frankenstein was written. This was a time of great novels such as Dracula and Hound of the Baskervilles. Gothic horror is traditionally set in dark castles and countryside with eerie moaning music and bad weather. Written in 1818, Frankenstein is the deeply disturbing tale of a monstrous unnamed creation that was created in the name of science. Huge and strong, the creature, created by Victor Frankenstein kills and murders many throughout the tale, but considering his tragic beginnings, I must ask, who is the real monster in this gothic tale of horror? Frankenstein is cleverly written in two parts. The first part of the book is narrated from Frankensteins point of view as he relates his story to a ships captain. The second part of the story is the monster telling Victor how he came to find him and what had happened to him since he was abandoned. This technique cleverly allows the reader to see both sides of the story and judge who the real monster is. In chapter five of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, the creature is given life. The opening paragraph makes excellent use of pathetic fallacy, using the weather to set the scene. The first lines of the chapter, it was a dreary night in November, and the rain pattered dismally against the windowpanes, make obvious use of traditional gothic horror scenery.

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products Every firm follows specific marketing strategy to promote the company products in domestic and international market. ExxonMobil markets its products under the brands of Exxon, Mobil and Esso. Esso is the largest patrol retailer in the UK with around 1630 stations. Esso produces 10% of UK oil and gas. It also takes ownership in other subsidiaries every year to increase its presence in other countries and market. These are few general strategies out of various marketing strategy that each firm follows in order to promote their products successfully in the international market. Seven Ps of marketing is most important strategy to create better opportunity for a product. Segmentation: The seven Ps of marketing strategy is used to estimate and revaluate carry on the business activities of a firm. The seven Ps are- Product, price, promotion, people, place, process and physical evidence. Customers demand changes rapidly, the firm must revise their seven Ps to make sure the firm is on track and accomplishing the competitive advantage in the current competitive market. http://business-fundas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-7P.jpg Price: ExxonMobil has a various portfolio of businesses, it has different pricing strategy for different product. Though, the single most important factor of ExxonMobils pricing judgments is dynamics of oil prices on the international market. Fuel prices are determined by changes in the price of crude oil, supply and demand, fuel specifications, government rules, taxes and transportation cost (ExxonMobil, 2008, Factors in the fuel pricing). Products: Exxon Mobil Corporation is parent of Esso, Mobil and ExxonMobil companies, offers a variety of products and services. This firm boasts a full product cycle, from geological exploration and ending with oil related products to commercial and individual consumers. Places: The third P in the marketing mix is place, where the firm offers its products and services. ExxonMobil is a largest oil and gas company based in the US. ExxonMobil is largest company by revenue as per Time Fortune Global 500 list. ExxonMobil has around 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a large combined daily refining capacity. It has 100,000 employees worldwide. Promotions: Promotion is most important strategy in this competitive market. Creating brands awareness among firm customers is the key to the companys success. Another focus for promotion is public relations. ExxonMobil runs programs targeted to worldwide health issues like malaria etc. ExxonMobil focuses in education is on math and science for success in todays high-tech world. ExxonMobil runs programs to create healthy and educated communities in which women have equal opportunity to play a valuable and productive role. They promote respect for human rights and to helping as a positive inspiration in the communities where they serve. They educate and train, purchase and invest in each community. They give contributions to non-profit organisations and social projects through wide range of joint venture and other agreements. They promote economic, environment and social growth worldwide. They promote wide range of charity and social activities. People: ExxonMobil always encourage and give attention towards the talented people who are strives hard for the success of the firm. They focus to retain talented employees by creating good working environments there by getting better outcome from the employees. The safety if their employees and contractors is the core commitment to operations integrity. They continue dedicated in their goal that nobody gets hurts. The safety drill of legacy ExxonMobil assets through year end 2011, did not meet their expectations. Due to this failure, they have increased emphasis on the avoidance of serious incidents. They arranged cross industry training efforts to study and implement new techniques. Process safety is framework for managing the integrity of operating systems by implementing good design principles, engineering and operating practices. Process: ExxonMobil is well positioned to take advantages of market changes and have unique experience in competitive markets. They focus on safe and effective process. They have particular team to manage safe process. Safety management stops the uncontrolled discharge of hydrocarbons and other harmful chemical substances to avoid major incidents with potential for serious injuries and fatalities and other impacts. They had 71 tier 1 process safety events during 2011. Their focus on process safety management across the firm remains constant, as they investigate, analyse and learn from these and implement. http://www.learnmarketing.net/extendedmarketingmix.jpg Physical evidences: Physical evidence is the component of the service mix which permits the consumer again to make judgement on the firm. Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of service mix. Consumers will make opinion based on their sight of the service provision which will have an influence on the firms perceptual plan of service. ExxonMobil delivers products and services using business to business model across three key segments- industrial and wholesale (1 million consumers), aviation (630 airports) and marine (180 ports). ExxonMobil is spending more than $100 million in a testing to develop a technology to make carbon capture and storage less costly. This firm follows a range of projects to increase energy efficiency. Targeting: ExxonMobil is always search for the new markets to improve its business volume. As a part of this ExxonMobil acquired Celtic Ltd in Oct 2012. ExxonMobil acquired 545,000 net acres in the Duvemay shale and additional acreage in the other areas of Alberta. This acquisition will add significant liquid- rich resources to their existing North American unconventional portfolio- said Andrew Barry, president of ExxonMobil Canada. ExxonMobil opened new services at the Hawkins Field in northeast Texas that will improve an additional 40 million barrels of oil equivalent, an amount equal to the annual energy requirements of more than 1 million Texas households. In Russia, ExxonMobil announced a $3.2 billion joint venture with Russian oil company Rosneft to develop two offshore oil fields- the east field in the Kara Sea and the Tuapse field in the black sea. ExxonMobil with Rosneft announced the range of Vostochniy Offshore structures construction yard to conduct a concept estimation and possibility study for a platform capable of safety exploring Kara Seas shallow waters. ExxonMobil has 70% ownership in Imperial oil. Positioning: SWOT analysis: ExxonMobil carry on to increase the portfolio and business mix through expanded revenue and strong research and development capability. Though, firms operation could seriously affected by instability in some oil producing regions. Strength: Capturing the premier quality exploration opportunities using its resources: ExxonMobil identify, evaluate and prioritize the highest quality assets opportunities using its geoscience ability and understanding of the global hydrocarbon potential. Strong research and development competency: ExxonMobil has great research and development capability. Diversified financial stream Weaknesses: Decreasing net liquids manufacturing and oil reserves Litigation and contingencies High obligation Opportunities: Demand of shale gas: Growing global energy demand: Strategic collaboration with Rosneft Threats: Threats about unpredictability in some oil producing regions Environmental regulations Economic conditions Recommendations:

Recreational Vehicle Magazine Ad

Recreational Vehicle Magazine Ad The RV model I want to advertise is the most expensive, highline. Most people would think that expensive vehicles are not exactly what people need in the economy we’re having at the moment. However, I want to make a point that recreational vehicle is not a necessity, it is a luxury. Since it is a personal luxury, so why not make it luxurious. When I say luxurious, the vehicle has to represent the glamour of every little detail. We have to exceed the consumer’s expectations and bring it to the next level. Most consumers want something they can make it unique and design it if they’re given the opportunity.Plus, anything luxurious is more attractive than average. My Highline will have customized interior and/or exterior, spacious living space, reliable performance, and of course, its unlimited warranty. The suitable target audience for my project will be the middle age people. As the baby boomers generation ages, retirement is someth ing they are looking forward to. Traveling has been always on top of their lists as soon as they’re finished with their careers. At that point in their lives, they deserve a branded, one of a kind vehicle that they can have as their travel companion.Also, retired people do not really have children at home to think of and to spend money onto. They are at the age where they only spend on themselves trying to live their lives to the fullest. When advertising to the middle age group, the magazine that will be read by the target audience is something that has less clutter and straightforward with its content such as National Geographic Traveler Magazine. National Geographic Traveler Magazine is dedicated to the travelers. While there are plenty of travel magazines out there, the Traveler Magazine has a section of driving vacations where I want my ad to be inserted.Looking at the beautiful driving destinations posted on the magazine, consumers will be interested on looking at my lu xurious RV ad and people who can afford will probably get one. Fleetwood and Airstream are my two main competitors. Both companies have been around for more than two decades. Their names are popular with RV lovers. They are more experienced than American RV which is hard to compete with. On the other hand, they are not known for their luxury RVs. This is where American RV will persuade the consumers. I want to portray an image that only American RV has the best option of customization in the market.

Cell Phone Should Be Banned in High School

Hussein Hmood ENG, 1101 Mrs. Myers Cell Phone should be banned in high school When I was in high school, I saw many students in school using cell phones. The students were supposed to come to school to learn, but instead they were texting. I was one of those students. I did not pay attention in class and my grades began to drop. Finally my parents took my cell phone away, and my grades started to go up; from personal experience, I know cell phones should be banned in high school. Cell phones distraction in class.Student would be texting each other or playing with their cell phone instead of listening and paying attention to the teacher. Jesse Scccia English teacher from New York said â€Å"when I was teaching, all too often I turned around from writing something on the blackboard to find students text messaging or otherwise playing with their phones. † When student playing with their cell phone and texting each other they are not listing or learning anything, which mean they w asting the teacher time by not paying attention to the teacher and playing with their cell phone.Cell phone in classroom effect teachers teaching in class, when a teacher trying to teach in class and student be listing to music, texting, playing games or watching movies in the internet. Eventually, the teacher notices and warns them that their phones will be confiscated. The phones disappear with reluctant obedience until the next opportunity arises to surreptitiously pull them out again. By doing that the teacher going to be distracted from teach by having to tell students to stop playing with their phones.When the teacher think about the student playing with their cellphone the quality of teaching going to go dawn because the teacher going to keep thinking some student playing with their phone the teacher going to keep to turn around trying to find the once that using their cellphone. cell phones can cause cheating by students by looking up answers during test and quizzes. For exa mple, one of the students during class sends answers to his friends and it continued to other students cell phones are causing problem for others students because not cheating students work hard and those cheating ruin integrity of the class.Although all parents do not agree about cell phone use hurts students. The New York time had an article that said, â€Å"If my children are not allowed to keep their phones during the school day off and in their backpack or lockers the school is governing my parenting and children’s behavior during non-school time the school has no such right. † However, these parents are incorrect, and are somewhat helping the cheating continue.These parents who feel their child should be allowed to keep his/ her phone clearly do not understand how it is hurting a child’s education. Mobile phones can cause a distraction. They can disturb teachers and students. For example, if I was working hard on a piece of work, trying to concentrating, a nd a student’s phone rings, it disrupts the whole class. I may become side-tracked or the teacher may be interrupted during speaking to the class. Teaching would be constantly disrupted if this kept happening.Education standards would deteriorate. Looking then at long term effects, if this was happening every day, you would be wasting five minutes a day, so nearly half an hour a week, and so that would be over ten hours a year of disruption. Also, mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to almost anywhere and anyone in the world. Because they are small, students can quietly and discreetly send a text and it can go unnoticed. You got to school to learn, not to waste time playing games or cheating in tests.

The Crucible Essays (923 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Essays (923 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The Crucible written by Arthur Miller is a play that takes place in the sixteen nineties during the famous but tragic witch trials. The entire community is in pandemonium yet certain characters are also fighting internal conflicts of their own. Miller uses three characters who manifest this internal battle ever so clearly. Such as Mary Warren who whole personality turns upside down, John Proctor who contemplates between the importance of his family and his own name and Reverend Hale who battles with himself wether to carry out his job requirements or do what he knows is right. Mary Warren is a girl who is forced with this inner turmoil throughout this play. At the outset of the play she is perceived to be a very shy girl who will never speak her mind as shown when Proctor sends her home and she responds with " I'm just going home" (21). As the play continues and as she is influenced by Abigail, Mary begins to break this self induced mold and does what she wants. Mary Warren, along with many other girls gets caught up in the hype of getting all the attention and exercising power via initiating and adamantly continuing these "witch trials". Finally John Proctor, the rationalist, shows that when people like Rebecca Nurse and Elizabeth Proctor who are the saintliest of people are accused of being witches, something must be wrong. Mary Warren has a difficult decision to make. She has realized that her whole way of life has been based on injustice. However, how can she extricate herself from Abigail and her friends, not to mention her new feelings of confidence. Mary decides to speak out against Abigail and the others for their false accusations and said that she " tried to kill me numerous times"(57). Yet as she does this heroic act of overcoming her old reality, Abigail pretends that Mary is also a witch using the poppets against her(73). Mary is now faced with yet another grueling internal conflict: to do what she knows is right and probably die for it, or to return to her old ways. Mary succumbs to Abigails "hypnosis " and accuses John Proctor of forcing her to lie. Clearly the battle which Mary faced from the very beginning was enormous. John Proctor a farmer and village commoner similarly is faced with an inner turmoil. He has committed adultery and had absolutely no intentions of joining in the witch trials unless hi pregnant wife were to also get involved. After his wife got involved and eventually was set free due to the fact that she was pregnant feels that he can't accept this. Proctor is a good and noble man and because of this he believes at first he can't be hanged and die a martyr when he has this sin blooming over him every waking moment . John later says to Elizabeth that " My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man. Nothing's spoiled by giving them this lie that were not rotten long before"(136) and rather confess then die for something he flat out didn't do. However, as John confesses, he can not allow Danforth to make it officially documented. As Danforth asks him why John answers with a cry " because it is my name. Because I cannot have another in my life . . . How may I live without my name? Have given you my soul; leave me my name(143). John feels strongly about having a good name and not dying with a bad one. Proctor weighs both sides of his internal conflict and realizes that he must not make another mistake. He therefore, prescribes himself to death, not for his own sake, but rather for the sake of the others. As John dies Liz weeps saying " He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it away"(145). Another internal conflict is evident in Reverend Hale who initiates these problems. At first Reverend Hale is sure about his belief that there are witches and feels that he is carrying out the desires of G-D himself. Yet as the play moves on and Hale sees all these honest and good people being sentenced and executed he

buy custom Mental State after War essay

buy custom Mental State after War essay Mental state is that psychological state which indicates the mental health status of an individual as he carries his day to day activities. The main aim of this essay is to describe the mental state of the main character in the drama, ' The Man Outside' Beckmann and the kind of state the world in after the war.The play describes the return of a hopeless soldier known as Backmann who come back to his country after being in the war field in Russia, to the disbelief of this character he finds that he had lost his home , wife and in addition his beliefs and illusions. Beckmann find himself in a situation where every door is closed for him in respect to his life. The play brings a situation where even the river is rejecting his attempts to commit suicide. The play come to an end with what it can be said to be Beckmann's death. From the above brief description of the play, some psychological character developed in Beckmann immediately after his return from war in Russia to find everything that he had owned was no more. One of the new mental states of Beckmann after the war is dreams, this come as a result of his attempts to commit suicide in vein. In this dream he finds himself floating in river Elbe. The river turn to be motherly figure instead of washing him a way where this motherly figure discovers that Beckmann is making an attempt to kill him but laushes out, patronizing him from committing suicide. The mother figure calls him in a fainted heart and tells him that she will not give him a chance to kill himself. This dream ends with him washing the sand. This dream reveals to the kind of life that Beckmann has to live that is full of pains and mental problems. This gets him to a point where he even cannot have peaceful nights due to constant dreams that come to him every night after his attempt to comm it suicide failed. In scene one another mental character of Beckmann comes out and that is annoyance. We a person who introduces himself to Bechmann, but instead of him being polite Beckmann says that he is 'yes-sayer' he end up telling the man to leave. This show that the war had negative mental effect on Beckmann where his ability to interact with other people is greatly affect by the loss of his home and wife. Another character that we see in him is that of sadness after the war. This is revealed to us by the girl in scene two who turned by offering some help to Beckmann, the girl gives him dry clothing and helps him to get some warmth. The girl at first explains that the reason behind her help was due to the fact that Bechmann was wet and cold, but later she admit that she helped him because he somehow looked innocent and sad. The reason behind his sadness can be attributed to what happened after his return from the war front n Russia, to his sadness Beckmann come to realty with the hard truth of t he loss of his home and wife which was hard for him to bear. Scene two of the play shows another mental state of Beckmann where he lost the interest of being alive and he attempts to commit suicide for a second time in vein. After the help that he gets from the girl, Bechmann follows her to where she lives and he finds out the girl's husband was also a soldier like him. We see the girl laughing at him due to the gasmask goggles that was wearing, because it did allow him to see the world as blurry and grey. The girl say that her husband come back from war in crutches as a result of a military command given by sergeant Beckmann that why he had lost his leg. This revelation hunts down him to the extent of that he goes back to the river for another attempt to commit suicide. The war had an effect on the mental state of Beckmann where he is not at peace with what happened during the war and even after the war, the solution at his disposal is to try and commit suicide in order to run away from these realities. In scene three we see another state of Beckmann's mental state where he blames the colonel for what happened during the war. He talks to the colonel about the various nightmares that he had to endure each and every day. He describes dreams where man is running sweating blood. Beckmann tells the colonel that all the dead men throughout the history are there and he is among them looking sickly, somehow discolored and this men keep on shouting out his name. This scene reveals the torture that Beckmann is going through due to the men lost under his command during the war period. This mental torture makes Beckmann to go to the extent of blaming the colonel of all the men lost during the war. It can be concluded that he is blaming the colonel as an escape to the fact that those men lost their lives under his command, he is doing this in an attempt to find peace with his soul for what happened during the war. Basing my argument on the above mental character of Beckmann after the war, it can be concluded that he is emotionally unstable due to what come of his life after the war. This state of his mind can be attributed mainly to the fact that he lost all he had including his wife and home. This situation is what brings backs what happened during the war to him due to the loneliness and sadness brought about by these facts of losing everything that he valued in life. All attempts to commit suicide, to keep away from people and putting the blame of the lost men during the war who were under his command is just an attempt to find peace for his soul. The post war effect affects him negatively mentally and socially. On the other hand, our focus now turns to the kinnd of state the world is in after the war as described in the drama, ' The Man Outside'. First people in the world are in pain due to the loss of their loved one during the war. This is shown by the kind of pain that Beckmann has to undergo after the war where he lost his home and wife as a result of the war. The pains are to much to bear for others that they even go to the extent of taking their lifes due to the agony. The state of the world of the war can be described as the place where many are in pain fighting to come with terms with what they lost during the war. Another state of the world after the war as revealed by the drama is loss of property and lives. This is clearly shown by what Beckmann lost during the war. He comes home to find that he had lost all that he valued in life, his wife and home. We see him having nightmares as a result of many soldiers that were lost during the war. This shows that the war had negative effects on the dweller of the earth where they had to lose them loved one and property as a result of war. They people are affected economically and emotionally due to these losses brought about by the war. The war also brought the world in a state where many people handicapped physically and mentally as the result. This is described to us by the physical handicap state of the girl who helped Beckmann. The girl narrate to him that her husband lost a leg during the war. This acts evidence that many people in the world did end up being handicapped physically where some lost their legs, hands, eyes among many other parts of their bodies. This show the world in a state of coming to terms with the pains of the war which resulted to the physical handicaps of some of its members. Finally, the world is in a state of the blame game for what happened during the war. This state of the blame game is seen in the play where Beckmann goes to colonel house and blames him for all the people that died under his command during the war in Russia. The author of the drama main aim in this scene is to bring out the theme of the blame game that always comes as a result of war. This is the case in the world where people are always in the blame game for what happened in the war. Some place their blame on their seniors for the loss of their friend in the war front and loss of property. The conclusion that can be derived from the mental state of Beck and the world after the war was brought on the play; ' The Man Outside ' shows that all the people all over the world should live in peace and harmony. The author discourages the world population not to go to war with each other by showing the costs of the war in his drama. The author shows that the war brings about mental torture, loss of loved one, property and enemity between various people and nations. Buy custom Mental State after War essay

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nursing - Essay Example Aside from performing well in our tasks, we must also be able to initiate better changes and developments on how we deliver our services. Being able to come up with effective and efficient measures in helping our patients is a big step both in adding value to our work as well as empowering ourselves with additional responsibilities in the nursing field. Also, by letting us become a part of the decisions not only would help in our career growth, but also in our own personal discovery (Kleinman, 2004). And the first step for this is by having a chance to look at how leadership works and thrives in our field. In order to be competent in leadership, I would have to accept additional tasks that stimulate the brain, such as problem-solving tasks or additional leadership work. It was reported that by having such additional tasks could enhance career growth among nursing staff, as well as empowerment, which in turn increases their retention in the field (Krugman & Smith, 2003). Also, I would ask concerned supervisors to hold meetings that aim to let the staff speak their thoughts and ideas to their superiors, and have them evaluated for soundness. I believe that doing so would not only give us the chance to use our heads to develop solutions, but also to give us a chance to be a part of the team, most especially to us who have the need to feel that our person and our abilities are relevant to the overall performance of the whole team. Doing so would also help us to become empowered, as well as having a sense of satisfaction in what we do and how we do it. Letting the nurse staff participate in such aspects of the work was reported to improve the morale of the staff, making them perform over the normal standard in providing care to patients (Contino, 2004). In order to arrive at my personal goal of being successful in the field of nursing, I opted to have my strengths and weaknesses identified, so that I could find out what I do best as well as to see which areas I need to improve to become better. And also, by finishing by degree in nursing as well as finishing a Master’s Degree in Public Health with Informatics not only can I contribute to the modernization of some aspects of nursing in where I work, but also to become a nursing manager being able to inspire and motivate people, as much as my own mentors do to me. I was able to check the levels of my knowledge in different areas of the nursing field using the Nurse Manager Inventory Tool (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2006). Upon completing the checklist of the characteristics of effective nursing managers, with the help of my supervisor I was able to deduce what areas of improvement to focus on, and what areas I do well in. After answering the checklist, I found out that while I could say I am competent in the science and art domains since these are mostly sourced from available reading materials, the leadership aspects of being an effective nurse manager learning domain fra mework such as personal accountability, career planning, personal journey disciplines and optimizing leadership potential could still need expansion. I could attribute this to the fact that I am usually given responsibilities of staff nurses but not much more complex tasks. Also, leadership is not something written in most books, but is rather an experience that must be lived

Public Admiration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Admiration - Research Paper Example Public admiration is a social and political science which is indispensable in governance and in the delivery of services for public welfare and interests. It involved intricate planning, strategizing, collaborating, networking, resource allocation but and utmost diligence in the exercise of authorities, functions and roles in accordance to policies and laws of the country. As integral part of organizational management, administrators use systems and models in the performance of their roles especially in this modern period when administration is integrated with information technology to hasten the delivery of services. Public administration can be done in classical ways or in a positivist construct, provided it helped systematized the performance of an government, corporation or an institution. Public administration is applied not only in government administration but also in managing non-government and private sectors whose extensive operation are implemented in a broader number of p opulace as their beneficiaries or clienteles (Stefan, 2009). Theoretically, the system of administration correlated the relation of administration, human resource management, access and use of resources, hence, require the skills managing organization inclusive of values in dealing with human relations (Stefan, 2009). Many of the managers attached to the nature of this profession are those who are intellectually gifted to pursue issues and concerns of public affairs. Experts opined that those experts or those who can offer quality public service can move freely within the thin domain between public, private and non-profit opportunities (Stefan, 2009). It is construed that those engaged in public administration have breadth of knowledge and perspectives of the science of public administration. They are expected to perform their responsibilities with combined skills of transformational and transactional leadership (Stefan, 2009). In matters of resource generation and utilization, publ ic administrators are reliant on existing policies but spending more what is expedient and essential for public concerns and for the organization (Stefan, 2009). Such must also be consistent to the vision, mission, goals and programs of the institution. Being focused on governance and organizational capacity enhancement, administrators are concern on transparency, devolution of functions, and analytical discourses in the disposition of cases and issues involving administrators and the public it served (Stefan, 2009). Science of Decision-Making and E-management In such context, public administration is therefore a science of decision-making based on existing regulations, done by public officials, done often in writing, and is always in congruent to the national policies and laws of public administration (Stefan, 2009). When officials are called to resolve on issues as a quasi-legal body, the administrators decides to appoint, discharge, suspend, dismiss or transfer public official ba sed on policies which is maybe inclusive of imposing disciplinary penalties as the law bestowed and in according to legal provisions required under administrative proceedings (Stefan, 2009). Recently, there is a national effort of

Mind mapping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mind mapping - Research Paper Example Likewise, power providers such as the one displayed in Monster’s Inc. do not necessarily have to concern themselves with competition due to the fact that their competition does not spring up overnight because the entry cost into the market is so incredibly high. As was the case with McDonalds, consumer tastes, the price of food, the performance of the economy, the time of year, and the time of month have massive impacts on overall total sales levels. For this reason, firms like McDonalds are much more beholden to the swings of the external environment than say a power provider. However, at the end of the day, both companies must be mindful of the external environment because to ignore it is to ignore the future viability of the firm. Within Monsters Inc, the viewer is presented with secretaries and administrative staff, the CEO, HR and quality control, machinery technicians, janitorial staff, primary agents (the Scarers), and security and disaster remediation staff. Whereas at a regional McDonald’s location you do not see the stratified corporate footprint as was exhibited in Monster’s Inc.; instead, you see the cooks (technicians), the drive through staff (sales and customer service), cashiers (finance), and shift supervisor (management) (Bacon, 2011). Within Monsters Inc, you are aware of a training department, a quality assurance department, an HR department, a CEO, and a security team. Likewise, when working at McDonalds, the corporate footprint was less stratified. Because of the fact that I was working in the franchise operation, I was not necessarily aware of the larger operations taking place outside my field of view with reference to McDonalds as a corporate entity. Sadly, the environment within McDonald’s was an abysmally miserable one from my personal experience. It was so bad in fact that I chose not to continue my employment with the company longer than the

Critique of an article using the Scientific Method Essay Example for Free

Critique of an article using the Scientific Method Essay The paper Politics and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean is a research paper authored by Evelyne Huber, Francois Nielsen, Jenny Pribble, and John D. Stephens. This paper is a time series analysis of the impact that politics and policy bring about on inequality in the scope of Latin America and the Caribbean. This research is based on various models consisting of sociological and economic variables, plus the strength of the democratic tradition, as well as the distribution of long-term legislative partisan political power and the social spending to explain inequality variations. As a study that aims to analyze social factors and its effect on the inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean, this research was able to conform to the Scientific Method, despite some instances where there are some unsupported arguments. Basing on the Scientific Method of research, we’ll first know what these researchers wanted to find out. What do these people want to learn about? The researchers’ primary concern was to determine what factors are contributing to the inequality levels in Latin America and the Caribbean. Their initial expectations were political variables such as partisan legislative power, strength of democratic tradition, and the nature of social expenditures were the ones initially determining these inequality levels. Another assumption regarding this matter is that these variables have weights different from the ones in advanced modern/industrial societies. One of their basis for this assumption is that most advanced industrial countries have uninterrupted records of democracy as compared to that of Latin America. These countries were able to establish welfare states that redistribute the income. They’re basing their assumption on previous records like the overall size of welfare states and the structure of taxation expenditures. Closely looking at this matter, we can say that what these researchers wanted to find out was somehow in line with the use of scientific method. They came up with an inquiry which is based on previous data. They also gave their hypothesis as to what they expect about their assumption. In relation to this, their assumptions were given as an answer to their inquiry, and that will be the basis of how they’ll go about with this research. They came up with a set of data gathered from previous information from other studies and published articles. One of the bases that they used was studies which utilized multiple regression analyses of inequality in developing countries. They used this information as a pattern or guide in conducting their own study. One study made by Morley is about the determinants of differences in inequality of income distribution among countries in Latin America. Here, he combined multiple regression analysis with case studies of nine countries. Because of this, he came up with variables which play an important role in his research. These variables include national income, inflation, education, economic reform indices and land distribution. These variables are essential because it can also be used for other researches like this one. Basing on the scientific method, we can say that it this research made full use of the information from previous studies. They were able to gather essential information which they could use in proving their assumptions for this study. However, they may have overused the information and relied on it too much. There is a great resemblance of their research with that of Morley’s, that’s why it ma have resulted to something similar. The point is, they could have altered several aspects in other researches and not just utilized everything from that one into their own. If they are expecting to find something new, then their research should be something new also. Other researches are there for additional information and guide, that’s why they shouldn’t dwell on it always. The researchers came up with different hypotheses on democracy, political parties, social spending, economic development, inflation, demography, ethnic composition, education, foreign direct investment, the informal sector, and land distribution. They were able to give arguments and related studies as to how these factors were able to affect the inequality in Latin America. However, the way they presented these factors and how they reasoned out regarding its effect on the state of inequality in the area is questionable. The scientific method should be based on facts and concrete evidences. Surely, they were able to provide related literature for most of the factors, but in some, they also tried injecting their own opinion without giving any basis for saying that. The scientific method relies on how you will be able to back up your statements by using previous studies or materials from previous researches. If you are to say something without backing it up with concrete evidence, then the information you are relaying is questionable. The research posed a lot of information regarding these factors. But not all of the information that they gave were verifiable by evidence, so the credibility of their statements are somewhat questionable, thus making their research somewhat weaker. The next step of the scientific method involves gathering and organizing data for the research. Here, we see that the researches devoted enough time and effort to come up with sufficient data. Their main sources of information were secondary data from various country’s statistics, and how it was related to that country’s social and economic situation. They utilized various analytical methods in interpreting this data, sorting it in manner where one could clearly see how it affected the inequality for the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. In this part, they were able to stick to the scientific method of conducting a study wherein they properly gathered and sorted the data to be analyzed. As a result, they were able to come up with the necessary information which was interpreted. The results are there in order to verify and support the hypothetical claims that they made earlier on the study. This could either prove or disprove their assumptions. The next part of the scientific method is the discussion of the results before actually concluding the research. The results showed that the assumptions regarding the outcome of the study were strongly supported, wherein politics is really important in shaping the inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean countries. The democratic records were one of the strongest evidence for this, along with the cumulative record of the strength of left-of-center parties in the legislature, as well as the interaction of social security spending and democracy. It has left us with the conclusion that democracy is very important for inequality. This could be quantified in two ways, which are: 1) it allows the leaders who are concerned with the welfare of the underprivileged to let them build organizations in the form of political parties, and 2) allow those parties to establish a support base, and to gain necessary influence in the legislature and be able to use that influence to shape various policies is the direction of redistribution. The conclusion can be well associated with the scientific method, as it summarized the results and mentioned the possible implications of the research. Another problem is whether the research can easily be repeated for the purpose of verification. With all the necessary factors at hand, reproduction of this research may be hard because the political state of a country can be changed, thus affecting the variables it has previously possessed.

The Doubles Motif in Flannery O’Connors The Violent Bear It Away :: Violent Bear It Away Essays

The Doubles Motif in Flannery O’Connor's The Violent Bear It Away   Ã‚   In The Violent Bear It Away, Flannery O’Connor makes use of the doubles motif.   The doubles motif occurs when one character looks at another character and sees or senses yet another character’s presence.   In this novel, Francis and Rayber not only serve as doubles for each other but also as a double for Mason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis makes Mason Tarwater’s presence felt by the way he talks and the fact that he, like Mason, never removes his cap.   After Francis is with Rayber a few days, Rayber feels Mason’s presence.   â€Å"Rayber had never, even when Old Tarwater had lived under his roof, been so conscious of the old man’s presence†Ã‚   (189).   Mason used baptism to gain control of Francis and to have him carry out his mission after his death.   â€Å"Using baptism to extend his boundaries of self like a wall around Young Tarwater,   Mason simultaneously performs an act of regeneration and murder to be repeated later when Francis baptizes/murders Bishop.   Francis then becomes Mason’s immortal self. Francis provides Mason with a sense of existing, but he can only tolerate the boy as a double, not as an independent human being† (Paulson 102).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mason clings to the idea of being a prophet and Francis â€Å"clings to the idea of being born in a wreck, with no father, an orphan, because this makes him unique, gaining epic proportions in order to transcend the anonymous crowd† (Paulson 106).   Francis denies the father the way that Mason and Rayber deny the mother.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rayber tries, as Mason does, to implant his ideas within Francis.   â€Å"Both Rayber and Mason direct the explosive force of their actions toward Francis, being lost themselves.   Their struggle to survive decimates their nephew† (Paulson 106).   Rayber condemned the violent act that Mason committed, taking Francis and Rayber both away from reality, but   Rayber committed the violent act of trying to drown his own son.   Rayber and Mason both use Francis and Bishop as a way to keep the loneliness away.   â€Å"O’Connor, though, draws a parallel between them by making both men evangelical zealots† (Paulson 102).   Rayber is skeptical of religion and Mason has a religious fervor.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rayber and Mason both try to teach Francis but they do not want to teach him the same things.   â€Å"It soon becomes clear that not only Rayber’s efforts at ‘reconstruction’ but also Mason’s muddied baptismal waters threaten the freedom of Francis, who weakly perceives the devil prophet within them both†Ã‚   (Paulman 103).

Stress affects teenagers

Stress affects adolescents about every twenty-four hours. Many feel stressed-out when they have a trial, occupation, or excessively many activities. It can even be caused from something every bit little as siting a roller coaster. Goals and challenges are the chief cause because they are thought to be difficult to finish. Stress is a well-known trigger for depression and can besides impact physical wellness. It is of import to place the causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life and seek to minimise them. Stress, no affair if it is little or large, occurs in adolescents ‘ lives today. Stress is the uncomfortable feeling of holding force per unit area and it can be caused from many events. The chief causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life semen from school, work, activities, friends, and household. There are two signifiers that it comes in. The first signifier is called acute emphasis, which lasts for a short period of clip. This can be caused from losing the coach, contending with a friend, or giving a address in school. Another sort of emphasis is chronic emphasis, which is long-run emphasis. Examples include repeated battle in school, illness/disability, or an unlogical fright ( highs, bugs, etc ) . Most adolescents begin with acute emphasis and so bit by bit experience overwhelmed, which develops into chronic emphasis. The causes of stress come with both internal and external effects. It depends on the individual, but the internal effects include anxiousness, crossness, and nervousness. External effects include take a breathing faster, sudating, musculuss straining, dry oral cavity, keener senses, and deficiency of energy, concerns, and illness. A stressed individual tends to hold problem paying attending and have problem remembering facts. A individual who is ambitious or a perfectionist additions emphasize more frequently. All of this can do a individual to acquire into battles and lose friends. There is a procedure in the organic structure that takes topographic point when emphasis occurs. First, a endocrine called epinephrine combines with epinephrine, which causes an â€Å" adrenaline haste † . The endocrines and chemicals cause the organic structure to increase blood force per unit area and bosom rate. These responses prepare the organic structure to cover with and retrieve from a physical onslaught. The organic structure besides suppresses the production of other chemicals to assist increase protective responses. If the encephalon ne'er puts its guard down, it develops chronic emphasis. The ability to kip is the first to travel. These effects occur if it ‘s existent of imagined ; it ‘s what we perceive. Suicide and depression can happen. Other serious effects are high blood force per unit area, reflux disease, asthma, ulcers, and megrims. Every twenty-four hours adolescents face state of affairss that can be nerve-racking, which can develop when the adolescent matures into an grownup. Finding schemes to avoid and command emphasis are good so that the individual can blend a happy life with work. To go stress-free, the individual has to alter their ideas, attitudes, feelings, communicating, response, and fortunes. Physically, adolescents must eat healthy, acquire adequate slumber ( around eight to nine hours ) , and exercising. Adolescents should retrieve to maintain thoughts into position and be optimistic. Surrounding themselves with good friends, a good degree of activities, and adequate clip to acquire school work done is indispensable.Each twenty-four hours emphasis builds up in a adolescent ‘s life, which can be negative as this carries into their maturity. Once the encephalon understands that danger is gone, all of the symptoms of emphasis are gone. Sadly, some do non recognize that the danger is gone, whic h can develop into serious jobs. Most adolescents suffer from emphasis and demand to larn how to pull off their emphasis in order to turn healthy in the ever-changing, nerve-racking universe. Exercise is a great manner to relieve emphasis. Exercise gives us the chance to acquire up and travel. Physical fittingness leads to greater assurance and self-denial ( Stephens, 1988 ) . Exercise besides lowers blood force per unit area while increasing our ability to cover with emphasis ( Ford, 2002 ) . Unfortunately, many of us bypass day-to-day exercising because we think we need to run five stat mis a twenty-four hours to do a difference. Not true. Even a 10 minute walk increases energy degrees and lowers tenseness ( Thayer, 1987, 1993 ) . There are many grounds why exercising can take to a decrease in emphasis: Exercise increases the end product of the mood-boosting chemicals your nervous system produces ( Jacobs, 1994 ) . Exercise enhances your cognitive abilities, such as memory, to some grade ( Etniers & A ; others, 1997 ) . Exercise lowers your blood force per unit area ( Perkins & A ; others, 1986 ) . Exercise has side effects, such as better slumber, that provide an emoti onal benefit. Regular exercising cuts bosom onslaught hazard in half ( Powell & A ; others, 1987 ) and increases length of service by every bit much as 2 old ages ( Paffenbarger & A ; others, 1986 ) . So after a busy agenda or a exhausting twenty-four hours on the occupation, why non travel acquire a motorcycle and running places? Your household, and friends, can surprisingly besides lead to better emphasis direction and header. A research survey done by Warr & A ; Payne in 1982 has concluded that a batch of things, one being that people who are accompanied by friends and/or household during difficult times expressed feelings of felicity while these events were taking topographic point. It should n't take a scientific survey to demo that environing yourself with supportive household, friends and colleagues can hold a positive consequence on your mental well-being, but there ‘s plentifulness of research to corroborate it. Because people are societal existences, societal support seems to move as a buffer against the effects of emphasis ( Rathus, 2007 ) . There are five definitions of societal support: emotional concern, instrument assistance, information, assessment, and socialising ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Research shows that the construct of societal support does in fact aid people cope with emphasis and in bend reduces the hazard of wellness jobs that could be the consequence of emphasis on the organic structure ( Rathus, 2007 ) . The more societal support you have, the less emphasis will hold an chance to impact you in a negative manner ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Another manner to acquire around emphasis is to seek and do some alterations in your agenda. Make certain you have a lunch period, and surely a free period to acquire some of your prep out of the manner. Try remaining in the library or even an empty schoolroom if you are allowed to after school. Sometimes you might hold better concentration if you work in a different topographic point. If you have tonss of big leagues, see dropping one. Travel down degrees in some of your categories or take easier 1s wholly. Take some of your nucleus categories during summer school to liberate up clip during the twelvemonth. Summer school categories are more set back and more merriment than you ‘d believe. Stress is inevitable, but unhealthy responses to it are non. When face with a stressor, such as a level tyre on your manner to school or work, how do you react? Is the level tyre a menace? â€Å"I ‘ll ne'er be able to repair this! This sucks! Or is it a challenge? â€Å"I can manage this. Let ‘s see, what are my options? Your assessment of the state of affairs is important. If you see the stressor as a menace, you ‘re more likely to panic and stop dead up, doing it more hard to work out your job. If, alternatively, you view the stressor as a challenge, your response will be focused, and you ‘re more likely to get the better of the obstruction ( Pinner, 2005 ) your perceptual experience of the stressor straight affects your emotional responses. The top jocks, the best instructors, and the most effectual leaders seem to boom when faced with what they perceive as a challenge. Optimism besides seems to offer some protection against the effects of emphasis. Compared with their pessimistic opposite numbers ( those with a negative attack to life ) , pupils identified as optimists have stronger immune systems and are less likely to go sick or fatigued during the last month of the semester ( Seligman, 1991 ) . Optimists besides recover more rapidly from bosom surgery than pessimists do, and, when stressed, they register lower blood force per unit area readings ( Segerstrom & A ; others, 1998 ) so, what I ‘m seeking to state here is that a good mentality on the state of affairs would more than likely mean that you would be coming through, unharmed, out of any quandary in your adolescent life. Stress is a cosmopolitan bodily and psychological procedure that we all experience. Stress is non bias to merely the schoolroom, or at place but with this information and the techniques and life styles I have included, you may happen yourself closer to psychological Utopia than of all time before on the occupation, or off.

Reasons For Choosing Corporate Human Resources

The grounds for taking Corporate HR – NCC are because NCC is the Norfolk local authorization where a broad scope of information and cognition is transmitted and managed every twenty-four hours. In add-on, Corporate HR is a squad that supports the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing NCC ‘s employees. Therefore, it is convenient to happen out how people interact and learn from each other. Furthermore, the fact that Corporate HR – NCC are willing assistants facilitated the execution of survey in this administration. The visit to NCC was carried out on Thursday, 4 March 2010.Scope of Study ( what will you analyze, what will you cover and non cover )Since NCC is a big administration with different sections responsible for a assortment of services, it is impossible to detect and cover all activities of it. As a effect, this study simply concentrates on the cognition direction patterns within one unit of NCC – Corporate HR. The c ountries of cognition direction in NCC studied in this paper are knowledge types, acquisition degrees, cognition making and sharing, and cognition storing.Methodology of Study ( how you studied it and why )Methodologies used in this survey are detecting how Corporate HR Team communicate and learn from each other in their workplace, questioning an HR officer of Placements – Ms. Sarah Holloway and utilizing secondary informations from NCC web site and the available literature on cognition direction. After analyzing all collected primary and secondary informations, findings and recommendations are presented.Literature ReviewDefinition of KnowledgeKnowledge has become a concern of doctrine since the ancient Greek. However, there remains a deficiency of consensus about the nature of cognition. Harmonizing to traditional epistemic Western philosophers, cognition was described as ‘justified true belief ‘ whose indispensable property is truthfulness ( Alexander et al. , 1 991 ; Nonaka & A ; Takeuchi, 1995, p.21 ) . However, this position appears to be obscure and headlong since things people believe to be true may non be true cognition. Furthermore, it is difficult to warrant cognition claims because no 1 can gauge accurately how much grounds is sufficient to vouch the truth of a cognition claim ( Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Another school of idea defined cognition by separating it from information, and informations. ‘Data is a set of distinct, nonsubjective facts about events ‘ ( Davenport & A ; Prusak, 2000 ) . Information is meaningful informations that have been processed and organised to accomplish a peculiar intent ( Davis & A ; Botkin, 1994 ; Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Knowledge, likewise, is an collection of organizational information and expertness ( Firestone & A ; McElroy, 2003 ) ; accordingly, it can be stored, manipulated and applied ( Zack, 1999 ) . Again, this apprehension could non comprehensively explicate the significance of ‘knowledge ‘ as cognition and information do non chiefly differ in the content, construction or truth but in the location. As stated by Alavi & A ; Leidner ( 2001, p.109 ) , ‘knowledge is information possessed in the head of persons: it is personalized information ‘ . Furthermore, cognition is broader and deeper than inform ation ; it is besides created due to the impacts of external stimulations. As a consequence, towards a clearer working definition of cognition, this paper agrees that: Knowledge is a unstable mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a model for measuring and integrating new experiences and information. It originates and is applied in the heads of apprehenders. In administrations it frequently becomes embedded non merely in paperss or depositories but besides in organizational modus operandis, procedures, patterns, and norms. ( Davenport & A ; Prusak, 2000, p.5 )Knowledge Types and Oganisational Knowledge CreationDifferent attacks result in assorted categorization of cognition. Harmonizing to Garud ( 1997 ) , there are three types of cognition, consisting of know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what refers to minimal apprehension of the facts such as cognition of targeted clients of a merchandise ( Neef et al. , 1998 ) . Such sort of cognition is generated by a procedure of ‘learning by utilizing ‘ , largely through interaction between manufacturers and users, Sellerss and clients. Know-how relates to accomplishments and accrued practical experience ; it is the consequence of ‘learning by making ‘ procedure and exists in persons, organizational modus operandis and fabrication patterns ( Garud, 1997 ) . Know-why, on the other manus, involves ‘scientific cognition of rules and Torahs of gesture in nature, in the human head, and in society ‘ ( Neef et al. , 1998, p.116 ) . It is deep cognition found in persons and acquired through ‘learning by analyzing ‘ . Polanyi ( 1967 ) and Nonaka & A ; Takeuchi ( 1995 ) , in contrast, argued that there are fundamentally two types of cognition: explicit and tacit. Explicit or codified cognition refers to knowledge that is easy to pass on, transportation and express in text signifier ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Tacit cognition, on the other manus, is embedded in human head through practical accomplishments and experiences, hence, is hard to be articulated. It is considered work-related know-how that is merely transferred among people through a long procedure of apprenticeship ( Polanyi, 1967 ) . Nonaka ( 1994, 1995 ) argued that cognition in an administration is created by persons through the interaction of tacit and expressed cognition in four transition procedures, get downing from socialization ( tacit/tacit ) , externalization ( tacit/explicit ) , combination ( explicit/explicit ) to internalization ( explicit/tacit ) . However, as argued by Gourlay ( 2006 ) , this position seemed to be flimsy since the categorization ignored the fact that cognition, in some instances, may non be wholly silent. In other words, whether there is such thing as silent cognition or merely cognition which is silent. Furthermore, the mechanism does non reflect how new ideals are created or how deepness of understanding develops. It is ill-defined why cognition transition has to get down with socialization instead than others ( Gourlay, 2006 ) and besides diffident whether silent cognition is wholly and accurately transmitted from a individual to another by merely observation, repeat and pattern s. Hence, it is said to be barely a representation of cognition creative activity.Degrees of LearningAs argued by Argyris & A ; Schon, there exist two degrees of acquisition in the administration: single-loop acquisition and double-loop acquisition. Single-loop acquisition is lower degree of larning which concentrates on problem-solving, chiefly detects and corrects mistake, and as a effect, consequences in incremental betterments. Double-loop acquisition is the higher degree one which emphasises on uninterrupted self-reflection and scrutiny of ways the administration defines and solves jobs ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Consequently, it frequently leads to transformative betterments which are critical to the success of the administration, particularly during times of rapid alteration.Knowledge CodificationKnowledge codification, as defined by Cowan & A ; Foray ( 1997 ) , is ‘the procedure of transition of cognition into messages which can so be processed as information ‘ . In the epoch of cognition economic system, as cognition residing in the human heads can greatly lend to the sustainability and development of administrations, the codification of cognition, viz. the transition of silent cognition to explicit cognition in a functional signifier, is truly indispensable.Knowledge ManagementKnowledge direction as presented by Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) is the transition of single tacit cognition into expressed cognition in order to be shared among people in the administration. It is the procedure of identifying, pull outing and capturing the cognition assets of the house so that they can be to the full exploited and protected as a beginning of competitory advantage. In order to better the productiveness of cognition direction, it is necessary for the administration to use information engineering to increase the single and group ability of cognition creative activity and storage every bit good as to beef up the linkages among persons and between g roups ( Alavi & A ; Leidner, 2001 ) .Knowledge Management in Corporate HR – NCCA Typical Day at Corporate HR – NCCCorporate HR are responsible for all kinds of HR issues, embracing HR scheme and Policy, Learning and Development, Health & A ; Safety and the Employee Services Centre. Their purpose is to back up the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing the people who work for NCC. A normal twenty-four hours at Corporate HR begins at around 8.00 am when people come to the office and look into all latest electronic mails they received. They answer the electronic mails and if there is any affair that they do non cognize, they email or ask their co-workers for information or their ain HR senior director for advice. Besides, they check assignments in their computing machines, answer the phones, talk to each other about work and how to cover with the undertakings. They besides complete their ain electronic flexitime sheet with the clip when they start working and go forthing. The employees here are encouraged to self pull off their working hours. However, they must non be absent from work during nucleus clip – between 10.00 am and 4.00 autopsy and must work for at least 37 hours a hebdomad. In add-on, HR staff have to go to the scheduled meetings with the whole Corporate HR squad or with people involved in their ain undertakings, or with the directors to info rm about the undertaking processs and advancement, other facets of work and show their feelings at work. During my visit, there was a meeting between HR officer, Corporate HR between Ms. Glenda Bennett – Corporate HR Manager, Ms. Jane Hanrahan – HR and Organisational Development Manager of Learning – Adult Social Services Department and Ms. Sarah Holloway, HR Officer of Placements about Apprenticeships at 10.00 am. After the meeting, Ms. Holloway came back and wrote carefully in her computing machine what she took note while other people continued working at their desk until 4.00 to 4.30 autopsy.Knowledge Types and cognition CreationAfter one-day detecting how employees work and interact with each other, I recognise that cognition transmitted in Corporate HR is the combination of both expressed and silent cognition. It is clearly illustrated when the HR staff and her senior director discussed how to reply a inquiry she received via electronic mail, when the staf f showed an learner how to utilize a photocopier and asked her to show utilizing the photocopier to her, and particularly through the meeting between Ms. Holloway and other two directors about Apprenticeships undertaking. In the meeting, the tacit cognition was externalised into expressed cognition when Ms. Hanrahan explained the content of the Apprenticeships undertaking to Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway. Then, the combination procedure occured when Ms. Hanrahan gave them a cusp incorporating some activities of Apprenticeships programme and when Ms. Holloway wrote down the information and apprehension about the undertaking in her notebook. After that, the explicit cognition once more was converted into silent cognition as Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway repeated some contents of the undertaking Ms. Hanrahan has merely said to guarantee they understood right and exhaustively. From the world of Corporate HR, it could be said that Nonaka ( 1994 ) was right when asseverating the duologue be tween tacit and expressed cognition is uninterrupted and dynamic. Nevertheless, in this instance, the cognition making procedure did non purely follow the theoretical account of Nonaka since cognition is produced from the externalization procedure non stiffly from the socialization. This, once more, has strengthened the aforesaid unfavorable judgment of Gourlay ( 2006 ) toward the theoretical account of Nonaka and Takeuchi. Besides silent and expressed, cognition in Corporate HR besides includes know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what and know-why are generated largely through different preparation classs designed by Corporate HR. For illustration, Corporate HR have cooperated with member co-workers such as UEA and City Colleges in Norwich to supply HR practicians with necessary HR formal makings – CPP ( Certificate in Personnel Practice – degree 3 ) and CIPD ( Postgraduate Certificate in Personnel and Development – degree 7 ) . Additionally, they have developed Learning Hub, a website offering e-courses such as informations protection and client services, and organised seminars and conferences sing some peculiar subjects to assist any NCC staff to better cognition at work. Know-how, conversely, is acquired through ‘learning by making ‘ . Namely, when an employee of a section has grudge and it can non be sorted out by his ain HR section, it will be passed to Corporat e HR to work out. After settling the grudge, HR staff will enter it as ‘a instance jurisprudence ‘ for them to work out similar jobs if go oning.Knowledge SharingPeoples in Corporate HR use legion ways to interact with each other and with other sections, from face-to-face treatments and meetings, electronic mail, telephone, facsimile to formal authorship. However, the most widely used manner is to portion knowledge electronically via PeopleNet. PeopleNet is an intranet site designed, updated and monitored on a regular basis to supply clear, concise HR information and cognition to all NCC staff. This site holds all HR related information from processs, policies to signifiers and often asked inquiries so that employees can happen the replies for their inquiries as a first point of contact. Furthermore, Corporate HR besides tailored an electronical newssheet called HR Matters. It is produced monthly and emailed to HR community to inform them about impending statute law, ass orted undertaking updates and messages from the Head of Human Resource & A ; Organisational Development. With other organisations and public, the squad chiefly interacts by utilizing electronic mail, telephone, meetings and presentation, seting information on the Press or Website ( extranet ) for enrolling or set uping work experience.Information and Knowledge StoringAll information and codified cognition of HR are stored in three systems – electronic filing system, paper filing system including papers booklets, books and transcripts, etc. and Outlook Calendar incorporating information of meetings, seminars and conferences. Storing information and cognition is really indispensable for any HR staff to recover if necessary and do it go their cognition indispensable at work.Knowledge LearningBased on the interview with Ms. Holloway, I found that most of larning activities in Corporate HR is merely single-loop acquisition. It is because Corporate HR is merely a unit within NCC. M ost of work and undertakings they handle are given by Senior Management in NCC or come from the authorities. Cardinal authorities develops enterprises and as a portion of local authorization, Corporate HR has duty to develop the enterprises that are relevant to them such as Apprenticeships. During the execution procedure of undertakings, if HR staff gain some arising jobs, they will speak to their directors about that. The directors can propose a solution or organize a squad meeting to discourse. Other members, so, will lend their sentiments and recommendations to work out the jobs or develop and hone thoughts of the undertaking. Furthermore, the acquisition activities, different from the theory of Agyris, are still ongoing even when there are no errors and no alterations made to the undertakings. As Ms. Holloway said, the employees continue lending their thoughts and sharing them to other squad members in order to better the quality of the undertakings even when the undertakings ar e in advancement. This reveals a spread in the theoretical account of Argyris and recommends that larning is a dynamic procedure and should be defined in footings of procedure itself.Summary and ConclusionDrumheadThis paper is about how Corporate HR – NCC pull off their cognition. The chief literature reappraisal chiefly refers to knowledge types, cognition creative activity, degrees of acquisition, cognition codification, and knowledge direction. The objects of observation and interview mostly concentrate on the nature of cognition shared, how cognition is created, managed and transmitted and the information system that supports it, how HR staff interact and learn from each other, and how they store information and cognition. Weaknesses in the organizational cognition creative activity theory of Nonaka and Takeuchi every bit good as in larning theoretical account of Argyris and Schon are pointed out and proved by the operations of Corporate HR.DecisionDue to the clip bound o n observation and interview, all aspects of cognition direction in Corporate HR – NCC could non be wholly discovered and discussed within the range of this paper. Given the fact that the NCC is a big administration with different sections, farther survey could concentrates on happening out more inside informations of cognition making and sharing procedure ; NCC ‘s norms, values, and modus operandis which are affected by the cognition direction as Davenport & A ; Prusak ( 1998 ) suggested about administration cognition ; every bit good as the larning procedure of the Corporate HR in peculiar and the NCC in general.